The Marginal Abatement Cost Economics Essay Essay Example

The Marginal Abatement Cost Economics Essay Natural outwardnesss, for example, contamination have become a huge issue all around the universe. This exposition will focus on how grouped alternatives, for example, attractive licenses, the Command and Control Approach, income upgrades and sponsorships and The Coase Theorem can be utilized to embrace this activity. An attractive or a versatile contamination permit is a measure instrument, gave by the specialists, which permits houses to foul at a degree that is insignificantly cost-proficient. Low transmitting houses can sell abundance licenses and high discharging houses can purchase additional licenses. There are numerous preferences and hindrances of attractive licenses. In the first place, by allotting licenses and leting controllers make a business opportunity for spreads, they have made market esteem where there was previously no market esteem. This market esteem makes breathing contamination a house disbursal which they would wish to ideally pull off. The capacity to buy and sell licenses urges houses to place in contamination suspension and be progressively productive ; it other than remunerations houses for cut bringing down contamination on the other hand of punishing all houses. Second, if there is rising costs in the financial framework, the money related estimation of permit will set naturally at increasing costs while the income improvement rates would require unchanging housing at increasing costs. We will compose a custom article test on The Marginal Abatement Cost Economics Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Marginal Abatement Cost Economics Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Marginal Abatement Cost Economics Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Anyway the burdens of attractive licenses are premier they may move as hindrance to section, if enormous houses purchase a greater number of licenses than they have to, this will do it difficult for potential participants to purchase the licenses they would require to come in the business. Second the market for licenses will in general be national in extend and sets up one money related an incentive for a permit. This is correct if the contamination takes the signifier of an aggregative outwardness however most signifiers of contamination are nearby or provincial in their effects. Contamination income improvement and attractive contamination licenses are extremely comparable approach statutes. The two of them depend on financial worth signals and gracefully instigations for producers to chop down the costs they force on society. Pigouvian income improvements include puting a charge for each unit of radiations equivalent to the whole estimation of the fringy natural damage brought about by an abundance unit of transmissions. By authorizing an income improvement on every unit of transmissions, houses will hold an incitement to chop down their radiations until they arrive at a point where benefit/misfortune because of unit decline in spreads is equivalent to the mischief in question. The figure underneath shows how the two transmissions income upgrade and attractive licenses attempt to achieve a similar level of radiations with negligible expenses. MD-Marginal Damage Macintosh Marginal Abatement Cost The point E0 is the level of spreads that would be accomplished if transmission control strategy ( houses have no affectation to chop down radiation and MAC peers nothing ) is non included. The point E* is the ideal level of radiations where the fringy damage of an overabundance unit of transmissions friends to the fringy expenses of cut bringing down one abundance unit of spreads. E* can be accomplished by implementing a spread income improvement ( T ) on every unit of transmissions, houses would so happen it actually sincerely won to pay the income upgrade and would want to follow steps that chop down their radiations from E0 to E. So also the ideal degree can be reached if the specialists gives an adequate figure of attractive licenses to make the level of radiations equivalent to E. In this way the two mandates will take to a similar outcome slice bringing down radiations to the ideal degree at negligible expense. A transmissions income upgrade necessitates that a house s spreads to be observed and in certain cases, it is difficult to regulate radiations income improvement for example husbandmans utilization of composts and pesticides. A portion of the waste stocks may motion into nearby streams fouling the H2O. It would be non conceivable to manage this flood and bum husbandmans a charge for their radiations all things considered it is conceivable to authorize an income improvement on these stocks when they are sold ( income upgrade forced in a roundabout way ) . In design, attractive licenses are a progressively great strategy for providing financial affectations for contamination control contrasted with income improvements. Licenses are appealing in light of the fact that they stay away from a portion of the employments of contamination income upgrades. Indeed, even where a model is set and income upgrades are utilized to achieve it, there are dangers that the income improvement will non be assessed right. Attractive licenses do nt require the test and mix-up convenience of income upgrades to achieve the pined for aggregative level of radiations. As referenced above, if there is rising costs in the monetary framework, the existent estimation of contamination income upgrades will adjust ; on the different manus, grants react to give and request, rising costs is now taken consideration of. Duties would require settlement in view of section to and issue from the business though licenses change promptly to such modifications. Taxs are utilized as a discipline on transmissions while attractive licenses and endowment assault are utilized to respect houses for the lessening of radiations. Natural sponsorships are per unit installments to houses for cut bringing down their transmissions. It can advance the turn of events and utilization of contamination control engineerings and the exposure of vitality safeguarding and effectiveness. An appropriation includes a transportation of financess from the specialists while an income improvement plan would be a gross start for the specialists. A few sorts of sponsorships incorporate awards, low contribution advances, great income upgrade intercession and so forth. Under a sponsorship framework, houses have an incitement to deliver at the cultural ideal degree ( where the fringy cultural advantage peers the fringy cultural expense of creation ) which would hold been costly to a house before the appropriation. The significant downside of this framework is that offering sponsorships to houses may advance wastefulness as houses may trust generally on an appropriation plan and its abrogation can do financial difficulty. In some most extreme condition of affairss contamination control endowments could hold the unreasonable outcome of expanding whole contamination. Another choice is the offered and control assault which is a strategy wherein the specialists advises the house how much contamination it can relinquish or requires the house to follow explicit engineerings planned to chop down their spreads. These controls are typically obligatory and implemented however authorizing and disciplines for rebelliousness. The main bit of leeway of using this assault is that, when it is fairly executed and implemented, it gives an unmistakable outcome. This law has most extreme flexibleness in ordering complex natural employments ; it can regulate each single house, area and so forth. It other than dodges uncertainty as to secure incitements ; houses are advised accurately how to set finished result. Also, inevitably this law is extremely simple checked contrasted with income improvement. Anyway this assault is viewed as wasteful and has numerous downsides. To begin with, it is extremely difficult to execute and extremely costly to administrate. These li fting costs have made this mandate less alluring contrasted with other financial instruments such attractive licenses or income improvement. Second it needs approaches to achieve equivalent fringy control costs across houses or requires a bunch of data to achieve equivalent fringy control costs. At long last, houses who are able to these mandates may hold tiny pick or no pick in how to make these natural finishes consequently there is no affectation to investigate new and originative ways that may chop down their spreads. Motivators frameworks, for example, attractive licenses can bring through abatements in spreads at a much lower cost than the offer and control assault. A house that has no flexibleness in the strategy for slice bringing down its transmissions in a specific way has no actuation to try while a house facing an attractive permit has an invariable instigation to explore better approaches to bring down its spreads. As houses look for better approaches to bring down thei r expenses of cut bringing down transmissions, the interest for licenses will fall, take bringing down the proportion of spreads and accordingly bettering the natural quality much further. A closing choice is the Coase hypothesis, created by Ronald Coase, which expresses that ideal distribution of assets is accomplishable with no specialists mediation, given that possessions rights are acceptable characterized and managing costs are low. Outwardness occupations will be understood quickly through private minutess if these two conditions hold. When the specialists dole out these rights, the houses and casualties will negociate a transportation of installments between them to either acknowledge the damage or chop down contamination on the balance of which is progressively gainful. Under perfect fortunes when houses and casualties bargain, the balance level of contamination is free of the assignment of assets rights. The perfect fortunes incorporate ideal data about expenses and benefits and the nonattendance of managing costs. Shockingly the ideal arrangement accepts that there is full data about the ecological reasonings which is extremely unlikely. The Coase Theorem wil l in general use just when there are little Numberss of defilers and casualties. The minutess costs engaged with ne

Clay Shirky's Here Comes Everybody (2008) Term Paper

Dirt Shirky's Here Comes Everybody (2008) - Term Paper Example For instance, numerous individuals are blogging around a huge number of subjects. A portion of these websites are close to home and just go out to a couple of individuals (generally loved ones) while others are proposed for a bigger, progressively worldwide crowd. These online journals may have blunders in them however they are being shared without sifting. Socially, the â€Å"publish than filter† approach can unite individuals for a bigger scope than beforehand accessible. Individuals can find out about one another by means of a few person to person communication destinations and they can meet huge gatherings of individuals through these locales. Individuals can have discussions with ideal outsiders about their thoughts. Monetarily, numerous individuals have figured out how to ace social business organizing by sharing substance on a few long range interpersonal communication destinations that incorporate Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook and YouTube. Each site has an alternate meth od of giving substance however individuals can increase a comprehension of the individual behind the business just as the business. Mass awkwardness, as indicated by Shirkey, alludes to the possibility that anybody can distribute anything so â€Å"everyone is a media outlet†. This implies individuals don't must have extravagant degrees in news-casting or be proficient scholars to be distributed on the Web. Individuals can give various perspectives on an assortment of themes and it doesn't make a difference who they are as an essayist. Likewise, the people can distribute all the more frequently and all the more routinely. One model that Shirky continues investigating is the Blog. The web journals are composed on various points and individuals can introduce their political perspectives, share photographs, or make recordings and distribute them everywhere throughout the Internet with the vast majority of the devices to do these things accommodated free. Another model that Shirky gives is the utilization of texting and other talk programs that permit the person to be in contact with an assortment of individuals progressively. These kinds of media permit a person to distribute more than once, all the time, and more is said than would be conceivable in print papers and magazines as a result of the guidelines of those papers and magazines. The approach of mass unprofessional quality doesn't mean the finish of polished skill; it just methods another vehicle for data will be created. There will consistently be individuals who need to peruse proficient writing including magazines and papers like Time or The New York Times since they need to peruse great news coverage. Open Source Software (OSS) is programming that is without given by a producer that gives indistinguishable chance to the end clients from business programming. Linux is one genuine model since it is a gathering of programming programs that numerous schools have utilized rather than Microsoft items. The explanation OSS is well known is on the grounds that there are no authorizing understandings that must be refreshed yearly and schools can make the same number of duplicates as fundamental; workforce and understudies can likewise duplicate this product to their home PCs. Shirkey says that OSS is progressively an environment that can endure botches simpler than business programming frameworks. Since Linux utilizes source codes and the organization gives the codes to clients, individuals can tweak the product to meet the organizations’ needs. The historical backdrop of OSS shows that it won't assume control over business programming since it despite everything has a few difficulties. Shirky persistently indicated how various sorts of OSS was utilized however how it was given as an option for associations who didn't have the cash to

Effective Communication Used by Benevolent Leader, Queen Elizabeth I :: European History

Compelling Communication Used by Benevolent Leader, Queen Elizabeth I Influence is a troublesome aptitude to ace. One needs to consider the belief systems held by the crowd and how those identify with one’s own aims of evolving minds. So as to urge her soldiers to battle boldly with regards to England, Queen Elizabeth I uses Aristotle’s standards of viable correspondence that incorporate logos, tenderness and ethos in her Speech to the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada. The main rule that Queen Elizabeth I brings into her discourse is logos, as she utilizes reason and induction to guarantee her troopers of her confidence in their purpose to battle to benefit England. She cautions her officers that she has been advised to â€Å"take notice how we subscribe to furnished hoards, inspired by a paranoid fear of treachery.† This notice is from a source that is worried about her wellbeing, yet additionally the security of her subjects and, regardless of that worry, she asserts that the dictators ought to be dreadful. Since she has â€Å"placed my chiefest quality and protect in the faithful hearts and positive attitude of my subjects,† she has no motivation to stress since she isn't a despot like her foes. Because of contributing and drawing her quality from the individuals of her realm, Queen Elizabeth I has little to fear not at all like the dictators who can't confide in their own armed forces. The trust that she has put in her militaries to ensure the realm prompts the utilization of the second of Aristotle’s standards of viable correspondence. Sovereign Elizabeth I utilizes poignancy to engage fighters through their feelings by advising them that she is on the field with them to kick the bucket for her subjects (them), similarly as she is approaching them to bite the dust for her. She isn't on the war zone with them for her own delight; the Queen is resolved to â€Å"live or pass on among all of you, to set down for my God, and for my kingdom† and this interests to the soldiers’ feeling of obligation.

Comparing Beowulf with the Green Knight

With regards to momentous, old style writing, very few works can best what Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have done. Albeit comparable through significance, perusers would be unable to find further similitudes between the two. Beowulf is an epic sonnet from the Anglo-Saxon period, while Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a story from the medieval period. The principle characters of every novel, Beowulf and Sir Gawain, each persevere through close to home battles in the â€Å"problem of pride. In totally separate designs, them two desire for mastery (moxie dominandi) all through every one of their particular stories. Beowulf, the most punctual of epic legends, was essentially known for his boldness. With his absence of dread for death, he definitely was known as the best warrior at that point. Anyway with incredible aptitude and the consistent evaluation from individual warriors, Beowulf turns out to be exceptionally egotistic in his proceeded with want for predominance. Actually, his first expressions of the story were, â€Å"When I was more youthful, I had incredible triumphs. At that point updates on Grendel, difficult to overlook, contacted me at home. Off the bat, he presents himself as a cultivated warrior who felt it was his obligation to kill the beast Grendel the moment he found out about his demolition. Beowulf delights in his choice to come over from Geatland to secure King Hrothgar and his kin. He feels this is his chance to come and â€Å"protect the thrown† in a God-like way. Moreover, in Beowulf’s mission, he totally disregards the medieval warfare’s convention on weapons. While warriors ordinarily use weapons in fight, Beowulf can't help contradicting this methodology, taking a chance with his humankind while venturing outside of his human cutoff points. He chooses to battle Grendel on his own terms, and this over prideful, â€Å"superheroesque† mind outline (first deciphered as chivalrous) would cause issues down the road for Beowulf in his possible passing. As the tale of Beowulf proceeds, Beowulf’s pride wears him out in his desire for control. Lord Hrothgar, at a certain point, even cautions a more youthful Beowulf to not let charisma dominandi happen. Hrothgar announces, â€Å"He pines for and detests; disrespects custom and gives no gold; and in view of beneficial things that the Heavenly Powers gave him in the past he overlooks the state of things to come †¦ O blossoms of warriors, be careful with that trap. Pick, dear Beowulf, the better part, interminable prizes. Try not to offer approach to pride. † However, Hrothgar’s counsel doesn’t appear to help in Beowulf’s conflict with the mythical serpent towards the finish of the story. Beowulf was lauded for his honorability when he was more youthful, however his maturing just expanded his desire for mastery. He basically doesn’t care about the repercussions of his demise, and how leaving them unprotected would seriously affect his kin. Taking everything into account, Beowulf carelessly fights this winged serpent until the very end. He lauds God before his demise as he states, â€Å"To the everlasting Lord of all, to the King of Glory, I express gratefulness that I observe this fortune here before me, that I have been permitted to leave my kin so blessed by the gods on the day I bite the dust. † This consummation, going out in a burst of magnificence, was actually what Beowulf needed to occur. It was not actually his destiny, however his longing for greatness was basically excessively solid, in this way ignoring what ought to have been generally essential to him: the security of his kin. In the event that he was genuinely an extraordinary legend, he would put the prosperity of others before his craving for predominance. On account of Sir Gawain, his moxie dominandi was puzzling. Individual respect and valor appeared to be the two most significant parts of his life. Contrasting from Beowulf, Sir Gawain’s journey is an ethical epic, and not one of physical whittling down. Be that as it may, Sir Gawain’s drive dominandi comes from his bogus quietude, or at the end of the day, his refusal to acknowledge human disappointment. In the presentation of the story, the Green Knight makes a trip over to King Arthur’s mansion and shows his Christmas game. From the start, Arthur is approached to be scrutinized, yet in a demonstration of valor, Sir Gawain (Arthur’s nephew/right hand man at the knight’s roundtable) strides up. He clarifies, â€Å"While so striking men about upon seats sit, That no host under paradise is hardier of will, Nor better faithful comrades where fight is gone along with; I am the most fragile, well I know, and of mind feeblest; And an amazing loss would be least of any. † It is as though Sir Gawain undersells himself such a great amount, to just further improve his chivalry. During his ventures to every part of the relating winter season, Sir Gawain’s inner clashes proceed. He is battling against his own evil spirits; there is no Grendel (or some other physical beast so far as that is concerned) in this story, only a craving for moral transformation and fulfillment from others. In his stay at the Bertilak of Hautdesert’s stronghold, Sir Gawain’s resolve is just additionally helped. Bertilak states, â€Å"As long as I may live, my karma is the better that Gawain was my visitor at God’s own banquet! † accordingly, Sir Gawain rapidly avoids the commendation and clarifies that the respect is his. Moreover, after Gawain’s last connection with the Green Knight, he recoils when the hatchet is first employed towards his neck. This obviously is an ordinary human response. Be that as it may, to this respectable knight, it is totally inadmissible. This compares with his issues of Pride; Sir Gawain wears the green support around his arm given to him by Bertilak’s spouse to continually help him to remember his bad behaviors (marginally surrendering to her enticement). In the wake of coming back to a hero’s welcome, Sir Gawain’s bogus lowliness proceeds as he pouts about his minor blames and lives in disgrace. Be that as it may, as the individuals who encompass him keep up their remembrance of him, his charisma dominandi surreptitiously develops. All through the content, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a typical topic of â€Å"doubleness† is utilized successfully to depict the multifaceted nature of medieval life. As it were, there was rarely only one, explicit answer for elegant issues. On account of valor, Sir Gawain was confronted with social politeness (mainstream) versus Christian graciousness (strict). On account of the Green Knight, two separate pictures of energy and pessimism were pondered. Also, on account of the support, the hitched belt and open belt displayed two unique undertones. During the medieval period, the arrangement of gallantry to the gentry controlled most importantly. It was a set of accepted rules created from warrior knights. The discussion between religion versus governmental issues was noteworthy during the â€Å"High Middle Ages† as close to home profound quality turned into a major issue in 1400’s English writing. At the point when Sir Gawain is first acquainted with Sir Bertilak’s spouse, â€Å"he respectfully drew closer; to the senior in tribute he modestly retires from; he salutes with a light grasp. He guarantees an attractive kiss, and considerately he talks; they invite him heartily, and immediately he requests to be gotten as their hireling, on the off chance that they so want. Respect, benevolence, and regard denoted the normal knight’s presentation. Be that as it may, Sir Gawain starts to scrutinize his respect when Bertilak’s spouse starts her enticement strategies. Gawain is confronted with the â€Å"doubleness† issue of making the wisest decision as a Christian as opposed to making the wisest decision in knighthood. Should he deny the lewd gestures since it was another man’s spouse, in this way it was a wrongdoing against God, or should he acknowledge the lady’s wishes out of respect and regard. The topic of enticement turns into the core of this story, as Sir Gawain’s adherence to the code of valor is continually scrutinized. In the wake of dismissing the initial two advances, Sir Gawain starts to split a bit of during the third and last room scene. Bertilak’s spouse changes her shifty language to an increasingly self-assured style, and her clothing (moderate in prior scenes) abruptly gets scandalous and uncovering. He proclaims, â€Å"My body is here close by; your each desire to satisfy; your hireling to order I am, and will stay composed. † Gawain gives in because of the laws of valor, where knights are required to regard the arrangement of laws concerning elegant love, and do whatever a lady inquires. The Green Knight additionally assumes an enormous job in proceeding with the â€Å"doubleness† subject. This character is amazingly hard to decipher as some view him as an underhanded figure whose lone reason for existing is to entice Gawain into transgression, while some view him as a comprehensive figure whose design is to incorporate Gawain with turning into an improved knight. In the Green Knight’s prologue to the Christmas celebration, he shows up with a holly branch and a hatchet. The holly branch speaks to harmony and joy, while the hatchet should speak to brutality and passing. Moreover, he states, â€Å"Not all, I think, for fear, yet some of polite elegance let him who was their head be representative in that place. He quickly references God, yet then checks that with his dangers of executing somebody. To the peruser, these two total inverses start to address what the Green Knight’s genuine aims are. Furthermore, even the shading green comes the lines of the â€Å"doubleness† subject. During the medieval ages, the shading green was passed on as life, love, trust, and the birth chamber to a few; while to others it incited considerations of envy, demise, and in some cases the shade of the fiend. Towards the finish of the story, the Green Knight’s genuine persona becomes uncovered as he ends up being the host, Sir Bertilak. This plays on with the topic of allurement, as this was good to go up to test Sir Gawain’s respect and virtuosity. The support, which is the third topic of â€Å"doubleness,† contains a representative implying that has been deciphered in an assortment of ways. The support can be seen as sexual or profound. Accor

The state removing children from their parents and taking them into Essay

The state expelling kids from their folks and bringing them into defensive care - Essay Example For certain guardians, drugs are a higher priority than their children. Such individuals may make their kids utilize these medications (convincing kids to utilize drugs). Kids are irritations for another gathering of guardians. Every one of these outcomes in extreme youngster misuse issues. There were situations when youngsters needed to experience substantial physical torments too. At the point when guardians get separated, kids need to remain with one of the guardians or with family members or different overseers. They may need to experience physical and mental maltreatment and even large attacks too. Such kids will be denied of parent’s love and care and will lose a decent family condition. Family members and guardians will be least fretted over their government assistance and will torment them to greatest. These mishandled and dismissed kids will experience the ill effects of different mental and physical issues that can lead them to wrong ways. A few youngsters are presented to drugs in their youth itself since they their folks use drugs. Youngsters, who are raised in families where there are visit battles, will normally have battling mind-set or other awful qualities. Likewise if guardians are having criminal foundation and other unlawful practices, youngsters who are raised in that condition additionally will have criminal characters and practices. Youngsters are manhandled in various manners and are made denied of all their youth joy and benefits. They are pained and abused and are exposed to mental and physical misuses. There were occurrences in which youngsters were beaten, consumed and murdered even. In a specific case, an appeal was documented in Waukesha County Juvenile Court so as to keep 3 young lady kids in defensive care as their medication dependent dad pained them causing them to go with him during a rocks gorge. In another episode in 2004, a 9-month-old kid kicked the bucket unintentionally and later doctor’s affirmed that the child’s wounds were

What Phobia Is the Fear of Numbers

What Phobia Is the Fear of Numbers Phobias Types Print Arithmophobia or the Fear of Numbers By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 22, 2019 Katrina Charmatz/Illustration Works/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of numbers is called  arithmophobia. This fear is somewhat unusual in that it encompasses a wide variety of specific phobias, including  a generalized fear of all numbers and fear of specific numbers. It is also sometimes called numerophobia. It is classified as an anxiety disorder. Generalized Arithmophobia A generalized fear of numbers, that is to say, a fear of all numbers can seriously affect the ability of a person to do math. This limits both educational and professional opportunities. The fear of particularly large numbers is usually much less limiting, allowing the person to perform basic computations. Fear of Specific Numbers Some people with arithmophobia may fear specific numbers. In cases like these, arithmophobia is usually rooted in superstition or religious phobias. The best-known example is a fear of the number 13, which is also called triskaidekaphobia.  This fear has been linked to early Christians, and the number 13 appears in a lot of Biblical traditions. (There were 13 people at the Last Supper, for example, and Judas is said to be the 13th person to join the table.) But the number 13 is also an unlucky number in other cultures. Loki, the Norse god of mischief, is also said to be the 13th god of the pantheon. Today,  many hotels omit the 13th floor and room 13, and the fear of Friday the 13th  (which is called paraskevidekatriaphobia)  combines the fear of Friday as an unlucky day with the fear of the number 13. The number  666  is another number thats widely feared in Western cultures. It is said to be the  number of the beast as translated into English versions of the Book of Revelation verse 18. For example, former President Ronald Reagan had the street number of his home in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, changed from 666 to 668. In Asia, 4 is considered an especially unlucky number in countries like China, Vietnam, and Japan because it is something of a homophone for the word death in the local languages. Just like in the west, hotels are prone to leaving the number 4 out of their floors and room numbers, and corporations have even followed suit:  the serial numbers of Canon cameras dont include the number 4, and Samsung phones no longer use model codes with 4 either. Consequences These kinds of arithmophobia have real-world consequences, even if the fear is based on what might seem like harmless suspicion. A 2001 study in the British Medical Journal, for example, found that  Asian Americans in California were 27 percent more likely to die of a heart attack on the fourth day of the month. It was hypothesized that the psychological stress of an unlucky day can tip the superstitious over the brink. For this and many more reasons, if you find yourself that fear of numbers in general or specific numbers is creating problems in your life, its a good idea to seek advice from a trained professional in mental health. Your problem may be addressed with talk therapy, anti-anxiety medications, or a combination.

Visual Imagery Psychology Verbal Visualizations - 550 Words

Visual Imagery: Psychology Verbal Visualizations (Essay Sample) Content: Visual ImageryNameProfessorInstitutionCourseDateIntroductionAs described by psychology, verbal and visualizations are rudimentary ways used by our concentration to manage recollections and process figures. Visual and verbal imagery occur on different sides of the human brain; language resides on the left side while visual imagery occurs in the right side of the brain. The two cognitive systems point at the basic ways that human express themselves to others by creating words and visual images. (Bell, N., Lindamood, P. pg., 4, 2015)BackgroundThe verbal system consists of supplementary theoretical, rectilinear, cognizant, and definite thinking. Difference of opinion are generalizations referring to particulars bearing little similarity to the lyrics. The verbal system struggles require considerable control conscious. The verbal system remnants supplementary apprehensive through the actual demands of genuineness that must be addressed since we develop language to communi cate with others. The psychological descriptions system is more sensual, demonstrative, holistic, and personal. Image descriptions stimulate the sensations of sound and touch besides seeing. The mind reacts to the hollow of the spitting image as complete since the mental imagery system contains individual elements that the eye can perceive. Imagery is the paraphernalia of fancy, fictional, and allegory which swiftly stimulate our sentiments which are more easily influenced by unconsciousness. (Bell, N., Lindamood, P. pg., 4, 2015)A new study shows that verbal cues are more often used than visual images by people with generalized anxiety(GAD). Researchers looked at individuals with and without to evaluate the extent of imagery during worry. (Welau, C et al pg. 2 2014)Different people are better in different ways in terms of verbal and visual imagery. Some individuals may tend to be good in verbalizing, loving discussion and reasoning with words but may be having a poor understanding of the visual lingual imagery. Combining verbal and visual language is a powerful way to learn.In this case, visual imagery is a fundamental method by which human mind works as well as verbal. We can put into consideration the fact that young children evaluate their communications through visual imagery before they pick up to communicate using semantic way. Visual imagery is applicable at all levels of literacy and works best when the brain is unconscious unlike verbal which requires a certain level of literacy thus considered less basic. Putting into consideration a verbal and visual imagery, a visual image will have more information than a verbal. Any verbal information on a visual image will tend to alter the message of the image...

The Code Of Ethics Ethics Re FL Ects The Pre Marriage...

in such manner the code of ethics reï ¬â€šects the pre-marriage therapy tradition. Kurpius, Gibson, Lewis and Corbet (1991), on the other hand, recognize that these institutionalized standards can t expressly cover all the moral, ethical, and legitimate difficulties that happen in the genuine guiding practice (p. 31). Specifically, the worldwide formats of expert codes of ethics may not give an exact ï ¬ t to the numerous complex and nuanced circumstances found in marriage therapy. In marriage therapy, the client is numerous people formed into an interactional heavenly body or relationship mosaic (Brendel and Nelson, 1999). The ethical interests and welfare needs of this client go past insignificant conï ¬ dentiality and may exist in element†¦show more content†¦Pretty much as in the mind boggling domain of contending Constitutional rights, codes of ethics require cautious understanding and application while contending marriage ethics impact. As therapist try to carry on in an ethically, morally, and lawfully mindful way toward all persons in therapy, ethical practice requires that customers be unequivocally educated of and cooperatively agree to standards and strategies put into practice. On account of relationship-pertinent data, all persons ought to be unequivocally educated whether a strategy of revelation or non-divulgence will be maintained, and essential legitimate assents be put into place. Still, the worry is genuine that with such a great amount of consideration in emotional well-being callings to conï ¬ dentiality, the case of a sold out life partner to equivalent promotion in therapy, with their accompanying key right to relationship-pertinent data (Butler et al., 2008, 2009), could be disparaged or through and through missed. Regardless of this and other surviving grant on ethical issues that emerge in couple therapy where inï ¬ delity is unveiled to the advisor (e.g., Schneider and Levinson, 2006), therapists less acquainted with the systemic degree and multifaceted nature of issues encompassing inï ¬ delity privileged insights in therapy may miss the sold out life partner s requirement for and right to

Race And Racism The American Ideological Space - 923 Words

Race and racism have been the most dominant concepts in the American ideological space. Most people see this as a way of identifying themselves while at the same time serving as a tool of separation. For the Americans, race is an identity signified by the color of the skin and the type of physical features a person has. The colors are genetically inherited; that is they are passed on from the parent to the offspring. This is highlighted as a case of both science and philosophy because people who belong to different parentage are always expected to have different physical appearances. Presently, American is made up of people with different physical appearances. It is ideally a representation of all people globally. America is a place that has the widest variety of the people that can be found. In the event that people from these races wish to segregate themselves, this will be practically easy because they will be determined by the color of their skin. The physical appearances are eas y to decipher and bring out at any time. This is what has made racism easily possible in the United States; the fact that one can easily identify another from the way they appear and chose to identify them as either their own or alien. The proponents of race and racism had a desire to brand people so that it would be easy to manage them with minimum effort. Such a style of branding people and meeting the specific targets of identifying individuals has brought divisions in the society. The worstShow MoreRelatedRace, Racism, And The American Legal System987 Words   |  4 PagesRace, racism, and the American legal system grew up together. Racism and racially exclusive practices in elite law schools have more politically significant consequences than racism in public accommodations like restaurants. The construction of race and racist hierarchy was used as a political tool by white elites to justify the exploitation of human beings and land, while simultaneously asserting the rhetorical principles of freedom, democracy, and equality under the law. When the Constitution wasRead MoreUnderstanding Image and Visual Media Artifact Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the wunderkammer series that contains nine photograph s. Wunderkammers series visually depict elementary school days while grew up of the United States region. The gallery showed titles of work in concert with their subject matter; scouting, space Age and little league. Both scouting and little league photographs contain objects and artifacts which describes United States Baby Boom of that time. Outdoor activities, toy airplanes, pocketknives and snapshots of fishing in conjunction with scoutingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Perceptions Of Self1563 Words   |  7 Pagesshaping individuals’ perceptions of self in American society. Additionally, the media plays a key role in how it portrays people of color (POC) and, therefore, in how it affects their perceptions of self and others. It is the way the predominantly white media interacts with POC that reinforces racial stereotypes and systematic oppression that affect their daily lives. In the past two decades, research on media has supported the â€Å"media’s ideological pow er over their consumers to define social realityRead MoreAvatar, By James Cameron1710 Words   |  7 Pagesprecious mineral called unobtanium. Unobtanium is a much-needed energy source for planet earth. Colonel Quaritch and his army of mercenaries embark on a mission to clear the area of the NaVi and mine the desired unobtanium found underneath Hometree (a space belonging to the NaVi). A disabled Marine, Jake Sully, will take the form of an avatar in order to infiltrate the Na’Vi and gather intelligence that will help Colonel Quaritch find a way to force the Na’Vi to leave Hometree. During this mission, JakeRead MoreThe Synoptic Gospels Lies A Brief Passage Of A Man Carrying The Cross For Jesus1717 Words   |  7 Pagesmarginalized. Cyrene being a Roman colony in Northern Africa, speaks to a (possible) Black identity for Simon. This image of a Black body being forced to submit to the hands of an oppressive entity, resonates deeply in the historical context of an Afr ican American spirituality. This act represents not only the oppression given at the hands foreign oppressors, but also the oppressive forces adopted within Black culture. In Simon of Cyrene, Black people find in him a reflection of themselves in the context ofRead MoreThe Black Lives Matter Movement1144 Words   |  5 Pagesold Trayvon Martin. Black Lives Matter is an ideological and social group in a world where black lives are systematically and institutionally targeted. It became more than a hashtag and began to empower people. They began to move the hashtag from social media to the streets. It is movement to all people and supports the coming together to fight and protest against oppression. It has had many public protests in cities worldwide with supporters of all races in tow. The Black Lives Matter Movement hasRead MoreContemporary Fun Report of the Contemporary Unit1770 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most eventful times in American History, the Contemporary Period expanded on the modern American Dream. Filled with many Civil Rights movements and political dissent, Americans changed many of their previous philosophies about their actual dream to goals of racial justice and financial success. During a time filled with war, protests, and social change, Americans wanted to institute change on the common zeitgeist. The Cold War and many political reforms caused Americans in the Contemporary periodRead MoreThe Black Of Black Ideology1434 Words   |  6 Pageseffect they have had on race relations and history as a whole. Nationalism The oldest of black ideology, autonomic mindset has been the default go-to when dealing with the injustices of a racial world. From the slave revolts of the 17th century to the black power movement of the 60’s-80’s, autonomy and nationalism have had solid footing in the minds of black people from the start. The universal values of black nationalism are unity, self-determination, and pride in one’s race. These are the coreRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay2167 Words   |  9 PagesWhat It Means To Be A Student of Color The discourse regarding racial climate in schools across the nation has changed over time, from one of blatant acts of racism, as the Jim Crow Laws of legalized segregation, to what we consider today as covert racism; racism that is concealed within the fabric of society. The racial slights, stereotypes, and other types discrimination that People of Color experience are what are known today as racial microaggressions. Even though legalized segregation hasRead More Homosexuals and James Baldwins Role in the Civil Rights Movement1512 Words   |  7 Pageshomosexuals and the desire for African American men to align themselves with the image of being powerful and very masculine. Because African Americans were in the struggle for equality and power here in America, to have a homosexual, who is stereotyped to have effeminate features, might prove detrimental in the drive for equality. There were a lot of things going on during the 1960s. The Civil Rights Movement was in full steam and the push for African American quality was greater than ever

The Story Behind the Phrase Kilroy Was Here

For a few years during and after World War II, he was ubiquitous: a doodle of a big-nosed man, peering over a wall, accompanied by the inscription Kilroy was here. At the height of his popularity, Kilroy could be found just about everywhere: in bathrooms and on bridges, in school cafeterias and on homework assignments, in the holds of Navy ships and painted on the shells of Air Force missiles. A classic Bugs Bunny cartoon from 1948, Haredevil Hare, shows just how deeply Kilroy had penetrated into pop culture: thinking hes the first rabbit to land on the moon, Bugs is oblivious to the slogan Kilroy was here prominently etched on a rock behind him. The Prehistory of Kilroy Was Here Where did the meme—and thats exactly what it was, 50 years before the invention of the internet—Kilroy was here come from? Well, graffiti itself has been around for thousands of years, but the Kilroy drawing seems to have derived from a similar graffito, Foo was here, popular among Australian servicemen during World War I; this was also a depiction of a big-nosed cartoon figure peering over a wall, but it was not accompanied by any words. Around the same time  Kilroy was popping up in unexpected places in the U.S., another doodle, Mr. Chad, was appearing in England. The Chad doodle may have derived from the Greek symbol for Omega, or it may have been a simplified adaptation of a circuit diagram; whatever the case, it carried the same someone is watching connotation as Kilroy. At some point shortly before the outbreak of World War II, it seems, Foo, Chad, and Kilroy merged their memetic DNA and mutated into the classic Kilroy was here. Where Did Kilroy Come From? As to the derivation of the name Kilroy, thats a matter of some dispute. Some historians point to James J. Kilroy, an inspector at the Fore River Shipyard in Braintree, MA, who supposedly wrote Kilroy was here on various parts of ships as they were being built (after the ships were completed, these inscriptions would have been inaccessible, hence Kilroys reputation for getting into impossible-to-reach locations). Another candidate is Francis J. Kilroy, Jr., a soldier in Florida, sick with the flu, who wrote Kilroy will be here next week on the wall of his barracks; since this story only appeared in 1945, though, it seems doubtful that Francis, rather than James, was the source of the Kilroy legend. Of course, its also possible that neither James nor Francis Kilroy were involved in any way, and that the name Kilroy was conjured up from scratch by a bored G.I. At this point, we should mention a 2007 documentary, Fort Knox: Secrets Revealed, which aired in 2007 on the History Channel. The premise of the show is that Fort Knox was loaded with gold in 1937, but only made accessible to the public in the 1970s—so the producers at the History Channel could uncork part of the forts innards and visit a time capsule of pre-war America. In the documentary, Kilroy was here can be seen written on a wall inside the vault, which would imply that the origin of this meme dates to no later than 1937. Unfortunately, it was later revealed by one of the shows consultants that the vault footage was recreated (i.e., completely made up), which should make you think twice about the historical accuracy of anything aired on this cable channel! Kilroy Was Here Goes to War The four years of World War II were a tough, dangerous, and often lonely slog for Americas servicemen, who needed any form of entertainment they could get. In this regard, Kilroy was here functioned as a morale booster—when U.S. soldiers landed on a beachhead, they would often see this meme inscribed on a wall or fence nearby, presumably planted there by an advance reconnaissance team. As the war progressed, Kilroy was here became an emblem of pride, carrying the message that no place, and no country, was beyond the reach of Americas might (and especially not if Kilroy was here happened to be painted on the side of a missile penetrating deep into enemy territory). Amusingly, neither Josef Stalin nor Adolf Hitler, two dictators not known for their sense of humor, could quite make sense of  Kilroy was here. The famously paranoid Stalin was reportedly unsettled when he glimpsed a Kilroy was here graffito in a bathroom stall at the Potsdam Conference in Germany; presumably he instructed the NKVD to find the individual responsible and have him shot. And Kilroy was here was inscribed on so many pieces of American ordinance recovered by the Germans that Hitler wondered if Kilroy was a master spy, along the lines of the yet-to-be-invented James Bond! Kilroy has had a robust afterlife. Old memes never truly go away; they persist out of historical context, so that a six-year-old watching Adventure Time or reading a Peanuts comic strip from the 1970s will be aware of this phrase, but not of its origins or its connotations. Its not only the case that Kilroy was here; Kilroy is still among us, in comic books, video games, TV shows, and all sorts of pop-culture artifacts.

A Literature Review The Walden University Library Essay

A literature review is an interpretation of arrays of circulating articles written by the scholar-authors’ of researchers related to several topics. A literature search for evidence-based research can be overpowering. The Walden University library illuminates on the superlative quality of evidence-based research and which databases to utilize with research searches. Filtered resources are the superlative quality of studies related to evidence-based practice and encompasses systemic reviews, critically appraised topics, and critically-appraised individual articles while unfiltered resources are second along the pecking order which includes â€Å"randomized control trials, cohort trials, case-control studies, case series, and case reports (Walden Library, 2015, para. 6). Lastly is the background information and expert opinion, which inherently are not backed by evidence-based studies and comprises â€Å"point-of-care resources, textbooks, conference proceedings, etc.† (W alden Library, 2015, para. 7). Arrays of individuals diagnosed with cancer experiences anguish and deterioration related to uncontrolled pain. According to Paley (2015), â€Å"Forty percent of people with early or intermediate stage cancer and 90% with advanced cancer have moderate to severe pain and up to 70% of patients with cancer inherently do not receive sufficient pain relief† (p. 1). Definitely, there has to be an enhanced approach to alleviate cancer patients’ pain, hence what is the superlative interventions toShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics829 Words   |  4 PagesFDA indications when possible. When prescribing off-label, records should show that prescribers do so with good reason. Does your off-label prescribing practice follow accepted guidelines? Is there research showing its benefit? Is there reputable literature recommending the drugs use? Careful prescribing can decrease the risk of any adverse effects (Mayhew, 2009) However, several drugs like albuterol, which were once commonly used off label in children, later were found to be ineffective or have seriousRead MoreSuicide : Suicide And Depression1389 Words   |  6 Pagesstressor. But, consequently suicidal death is dependent on several factors; therefore, developing models of safety and prevention would help decrease the number of suicide in jails in prisons (Marzaro et al., 2011). The purpose of this paper to review current literature and studies to determine to correlation depressive disorder and factors associated with the suicide attempts and suicidal deaths in prisons. PICOT Question Evidence-based research can influence the adoption of the best practices nursing.Read MoreEmployee Satisfaction And Performance Advantage1477 Words   |  6 Pagesvaluable information that leaders can benefit from a survey, such as profitability, employee retention, productivity, customer loyalty, and safety variables. Thus, employee’s survey reported at a business level are more efficient and less dependent on review length because item-level measurements are fewer concerns (Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., Hayes, T. L, 2002a). Leaders must understand his or her vision of the organization to introduce new products or services in the community to be innovativeRead MoreImproving End Of Life Care In The Icu. A Literature Review927 Words   |  4 PagesImproving End of Life Care in the ICU A literature review conducted by Crowe (2017) examines the role of ICU nurses in providing high quality end of life care in the ICU. He states that palliative nursing in the ICU is de-emphasized due to an increased focus on curative treatment. Four major themes have been identified that contribute to the poor management of critically ill patients needing palliative support. These themes include decision-making challenges, barriers, obtaining support and formationRead MoreApplication Letter For Student Writing Essay2493 Words   |  10 Pages) work with me today? I?m looking forward to reviewing it. Thanks too for your note in the appointment form! I?ll be glad to help you work on cohesiveness and clarity of ideas today. I want to share a few things about what you can expect from my review before you read through my comments on your work. First of all, I strive to make my comments as universally applicable as possible?while I?ll be giving feedback that is specific to this document, I hope you will find my comments helpful in futureRead MoreMilitary Service At The Civilian Job Market Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pageswhole (Sefa Dei, 1999). For this study, the social change implications are the potential awareness and understanding of business leaders on the full capability veterans may bring to their organization’s operational portfolio. Review of the Literature For the literature review, approximately 15 peer-reviewed scholarly articles and journals were reviewed. Also, to develop a baseline argument, four government websites, reports, and documents related to veteran hiring practices and the conceptual frameworkRead MoreAccess Care Barriers Within The Correctional Setting2968 Words   |  12 Pages Access to Care Barriers In the Correctional Setting Kimberly Abbott Walden University NURS8110-1, Assignment 7 – Theoretical and Scientific Foundations for Nursing November 2, 2014 Access to Care Barriers In the Correctional Setting Fawcett and Garrity (2009) have described nursing research as â€Å"a formal, systematic, and rigorous process of inquiry used to generate and test theories about the health-related experiences of human beings within their environments, and about the actionsRead MoreCensorship and Book Banning Essay1817 Words   |  8 Pagesbelieve Americans have the right to buy, stores have the right to sell, authors have the right to write and publishers have the right to publish constitutionally protected material. Period. (â€Å"Banned Books and Authors†). Harry Hoffman, president of Walden Book Co., Inc., is accurate in this aspect. When books are censored or banned, they are not eliminated from society; however, their message emanates to create an impact. Even if the public conceals the content in these books, the victims that theseRead MoreCritique Template For A Quantitative Study Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagesthroughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your p ractice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods research study of your choice. If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE 1. Research Problem and Purpose What are the problem and purpose of the referenced study? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is statedRead MoreCorporate Survival Strategy: Breakthrough Management5448 Words   |  22 Pagesunlearn what has been learnt learn new strategies for exponential growth. Review of Literature Due to the paucity of data, there are hardly any empirical studies on the Breakthrough Management on the developing countries. Most of the existing studies analyze Breakthrough in relation to developed countries. Breakthroughs suggest new beginnings: the opening of avenues for inquiry and discovery. Harvard Business Review, in conjunction with the World Economic Forum, scans diverse horizons for ideas

Law Dissertation Topics Free Essays

1.0 Introduction The following guide outlines a variety of law dissertation titles across several disciplines such as company law, criminal law and human rights law. You could use any of these topics if you’re thinking of doing a LLM or LLB dissertation. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Dissertation Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you need more help on choosing an ideal topic, do not hesitate to contact us at our site. 2.0. Law Dissertation Topics 2.1. Company Law 2.1.1. An assessment of the impact of s.172 of the Companies Act 2006: is â€Å"enlightened shareholder value† working? 2.1.2. Is the current regulatory environment in Company Law sufficient to ensure that Companies will take into account more than simply their profitsA case study into the effect of the Companies Act 2006. 2.1.3. The Banking Crisis and Company Law: Will the Vickers Commission reforms be sufficient to promote financial stability, competition and stronger corporate governance? 2.1.4. Should the corporate veil be lifted more often in the UKA comparative study of the UK and the USA with respect to legal challenges to limited liability. 2.1.5. An assessment of Director’s Duties under ss 171-177: Do they prevent corporate wrongdoing and is reform needed? 2.1.6. Is Corporate Social Responsibility too important to be left to self-regulationAn examination of the current state of CSR in the UK. 2.1.7. In light of the crisis of corporate governance should members be free to enforce the constitution of the company? 2.1.8. Are stakeholders undervalued in UK Company LawA Comparative study of UK, Germany and Japanese Company law. 2.1.9 Piercing the Corporate Veil: A study into the effectiveness of rules which go behind a company’s facade – is legislation needed to properly hold companies to account? 2.1.10The contractual effect of a Companies’ Articles of Association: Is s.33 of the Companies Act 2006 effective in outlining the boundaries of the rights and obligations companies owe to their members? 2.1.11Corporate Social Responsibility in the UK: is the UK’s legal regime regulating CSR effective? 2.1.12 Corporate Governance in the UK: a comparison of Germany’s structures of corporate control with the UK’s Company Act 2006 2.1.13 Corporate Crime: Is the Corporate Manslaughter and Homicide Act of 2007 working? 2.1.14The Banking crisis of 2008 and corporate governance: a critical analysis of the effect of the Companies Act 2006 s.172 on companies and banks in the UK 2.2. Criminal Law 2.2.1. Are Companies and Directors being held fully responsible for their criminal negligenceA critical analysis of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007. 2.2.2. An evaluation of the current state of English criminal law in relation to the defence of self defence. 2.2.3. The problems with provocation as a defence to murder: Has the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 provided the solution for those who suffer from domestic violence and battered women’s syndrome? 2.2.4. Is the law of murder still a â€Å"mess†A study into the recommendations of the Law Commission from 2004 and how they have been implemented in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. 2.2.5. Intoxication and criminal liability: Should the Law Commission’s proposals back in 1993 be adopted in the UK? 2.3. Human Rights/Constitutional Law 2.3.1. Has the European Court of Human Rights been balancing article 6 (freedom of expression) and article 8 (right to a private life) adequatelyA study into media law and freedom of expression in the UK. 2.3.2. Have the police been using their powers of detention and questioning of suspects adequately in response to the terrorism threat in the UKA study into the current state of police powers in relation to terrorism. 2.3.3. An examination of the UK’s current obligations under extradition: do articles 2 (right to life) and 3 (torture) overprotect individuals like Abu Hamza? 2.3.4. Terrorism and Human Rights: has the European Convention on Human Rights aided or undermined the fight against terrorism? 2.3.5. Has the European Convention on Human Rights eroded state sovereignty too muchA case study into the experience of the UK with comparison to Germany and France. 2.3.6. Has the Supreme Court been respecting human rightsA study into the case load of the Supreme Court up to 2012. 2.3.7. Human Rights and Religion: A critical analysis of article 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights in the UK 2.3.8. Is there a case for a British Bill of RightsAn examination of the proposals of the Coalition Government in relation to human rights in the UK. 2.4. Commercial Law 2.4.1. Is the correct balance between the buyer and the seller being struck in relation to e-commerce in the UKA study into the current state of the law. 2.4.2. Is arbitration superior to litigationA study of the sports arbitration tribunal and its’ decisions. 2.4.3. Should UK consumers have a right to reject faulty goodsAn examination of the current state of the Law Commission’s proposals of 2008. 2.5 Medical Law 2.5.1. Euthanasia and the law: Do the current rules on euthanasia violate individual will? 2.5.2. An examination of the Mental Capacity Act 2005: Are the rights of mentally ill individuals being respected? 2.5.3. Do the rules on the compulsory admission of adults for treatment need reformA study into the common law vs mental health legislation. 2.5.4. Was the decision in R (Purdy) v DPP (2009) EWCA Civ 92 the correct oneAn examination into euthanasia and human rights in the UK with comparison to Switzerland. 3.0 Additional Links How to write a Law Dissertation How to Structure a Law Dissertation How to cite Law Dissertation Topics, Essays

The History and Impact of Photography Essay Example For Students

The History and Impact of Photography Essay Its next to impossible to imagine a technology that impacted the twentieth century more than photography. The airplanes, nuclear power, automobiles were more prominent than photography, yet on a day-to-day term, photography was the most spread out. Photography is an art form that was developed in the 1830s but was publicly recognized a decade later. Before being considered an art form, photography fought a tough, controversial battle. The multiple applications it derived into and the diverse areas its used, made it a skeptical medium of art (Sandweiss). Today, it is one of the greatest hobby, if not the greatest. Not every individual knows what a shutter speed or even camera obscurer is, nor have many heard of Annie Leibowitz or Henri Cartier-Bresson. Photography has completely changed the opinions and many individuals views on the world. Its not just a picture on a small piece of paper. Photographs are used to capture the beauty, document family milestones, stalk celebrities and reveal the ugliness of war (Walter). In comparison to the other media, photography is way ahead in the way that it has changed the world. The world no longer focuses on paintings and words, but on photographs. Also, it has changed how people perceive themselves. During the American Civil War, many people were shocked with the war photographs being published in the newspapers. War had been photographed for the first time, and these people were witnessing the reality of death for the first time. Before this, people had only heard of stories of heroes. However, these stories were not always accurate. On seeing the pictures, fields full of dead people, rivers full of blood and bruised soldiers running while carrying their guns, their thoughts of war totally v aried. They had previously heard of death during war, but seeing it was entirely another matter (Locke). Due to the photographs, they began seeing war as a more serious death or life situation. In the twenty-first century, where most photographs are digital, photography power lies in all the electronic devices with a lens and a photosensitive element. Photography came from the flourishing film industry from late nineteenth century to the twentieth. The thin plastic sheet coated with emulsion enjoyed it peak in the 1900s when it was indispensable for motion picture, photography and even in the medical world (Locke). Before the introduction of roll film by George Eastman, cameras were big and complicated and used silver-surfaced copper plates. As a result, they were complex, big, costly and only used by professional photographs. Eastman marketed the small, cheap and reliable Kodak camera with the film. Kodak camera was cheap, and consequently, ordinary people could afford the film rolls everywhere, and they could easily develop them at pocket-friendly prices. This was the beginning of amateur photographs (Walter).   More people owned cameras that resulted in people changing their point of view towards the world. The advertising industry increasingly employed photography during the period Kodak used pictorial advertisement to create a market for its papers, films, and cameras. Popular magazines before the television era as well as newspapers were carriers for most of these print advertising. The main reason for advertising was to create the desire that would attract new customers to the products that were available. Although painted illustrations and drawings were commonly used in advertisements during the early part of the twentieth century, photography gradually took over (Ming). As advertising photographs presented desires for consumers to purchase products, editorial photography opened information treasure chest that could be presented to the public in visual, not just in the verbal sense to the mass audience, text without pictures is boring (Locke). Engravings and drawings had been used in magazines and newspapers for as long as it was tolerable with the available technology. However, with the expansion of technology, photographs soon became a staple for the dailies (Sandweiss). Development of scanned photos, wire photo, telephone wires, and telegraph sped the global distribution of news pictures. .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .postImageUrl , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:hover , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:visited , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:active { border:0!important; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:active , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A History of Portraiture EssayThe importance of photography is not only limited to the world of art but is used in multiple aspects in our world today. Most of the first photographers didn’t consider themselves artists, instead, they considered themselves engineers, scientists, botanists, chemists, astronomers and inventors (Locke). Photography has been known to capture the beauty, but it also documents major historical events. Photographs allow for us to enter an era we never experienced and saw what it felt like to be at that moment (Walter). In pseudo-sciences, photographs earned credibility as objective evidence as they could record events, people, and places, Photographers such as Edward Muybridge came up with photographs portfolios that measured animal and human movement. His photographs recorded movement that gradually increased in stages that were too fast for the naked human eye to capture. His work accomplished the cameras promise to heighten, or even create new forms of photographs for scientific study (Sandweiss). Photography isnt just about clicking moments and recording moments. Its a form of communication, a form of expression and a form of art and crafts. The photograph offers the observer with a glimpse of the world through the eye, and in numerous ways via the heart of the viewer. Its through the photograph that people can see situations, landscapes, people, perspectives, colors, angles, and shapes that they wont be able to witness on their own. The more the people look at the photographs, the more they perceive they are accustomed to ignoring. Photographs create the bridge between what people want to see and all that is there to see. It’s an eye-opening evolutionary process that brings light to the unseen (Walter). Annotated Bibliography Locke, Nancy. How Photography Evolved from Science.  The Conversation: Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair  (2015). Web. Nancy Locke is an associate professor of art history at Pennsylvania State University with a passion for photography. Locke clearly defines the evolution of art from science and shows how photography impacted both fields of study. This text assesses the impact of photography on culture and visual literacy in the twentieth century. Her work explores the relationship between art and culture. The anthology addresses the way photography has redefined our experience of space and time. Nancy provides an overview of the implications arising from the application of computer technology to photography, concentrating on the real of photographic journalism. She addresses the factual and ethical issues problems that arise out of a computer. She suggests redefining photo-journalism as editorial photography. Ming, Thein.  The Line Between Art and Photography. 23 January 2014. 2016 March 30. Ming Thein is an aspiring artist who writes multiple articles to better research the subject of photography. Her piece dwells into the differences of photography as art versus photography used for documentation. It offers quite of bit of insight into the differences of each. The physical and theoretical shift from photography to the digital camera is explored in this article. The writings and works redefine photography as an interactive medium made possible through technological innovations. Ming explores the capacity of photographs as evidence. He investigates photographys subversion claim to truth by the emergence of digital imaging. Also, he places photography close to algorithmic conditions since they are automatically created with little information on the intention of the photographer. Sandweiss, Martha.  Photography in Nineteenth-Century America.  Fort Worth, Texas: Amon Carter Museum Publishers, 2014. Book. Martha A. Sandweiss is a professor of history at Princeton University and the author Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line (2009). She focuses in great detail on the importance of photography to history and its resourcefulness to the revolutionizing of the world. Walter, Benjamin. Little History of Photography. Harvard Art Journals  (1999): 506-531. Web. .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .postImageUrl , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:hover , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:visited , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:active { border:0!important; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:active , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stax Music History EssayBenjamin, Walter. â€Å"Little History of Photography.† The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2 (1999): 506-531. Web. Walter Benjamin was a German Philosopher, who wrote multiple literary pieces that are still regarded upon today. In his piece, Little History of Photography, Benjamin dives into the origination of photography. He looks at the perspective of different parties on the subject. His main goal is to define the importance of photography and its progress through history.   Benjamin discusses the birth of photography and its impact on those who first experienced the revolutionary machine. Benjamin Little dives deep into the subject and provides great detail on the birth era of photography. This article fits quite perfectly into my topic because it starts from the birth of photography and dives into its importance to the world of art.

Rock Powder Candy Essay Sample free essay sample

The hypothesis of this experiment is that if I add different sums of sugar to the same sum of boiling H2O and let it to be cooled. than the 1 with the extra cup of sugar will be the 1 that grows more crystals. Therefore. the hypothesis was right. The chosen glass to add the pure cane sugar did turn much more crystals at a more rapid gait. The intent of the experiment is to turn a big sum of crystals on a wooden skewer. Rock confect is a confect made with sugar that to try to turn on a wooden skewer. This delightful confect is really crystallized sugar that from a sugar-water solution. Along with this. this Science Investigatory Project ( SIP ) is deliberately would wish to educate each and every single how to turn their ain stone confect and find if they utilize different types of sugar. it will alter the growing rate of your sugar crystals. Every sugar added into the excess cup in the observation 2. it grew about 8 centimeters more than observation 1 over a period of 5 yearss. Recognition This experiment would non come into decision without the undermentioned individuals who inspired and helped us to come up with this research. We would wish to widen our heartfelt gratitude to the undermentioned individuals who cooperate and shared their clip assisting to finish this enterprise. To our group member. for coming and assist a batch to do our experiment delightful. and to the other group member who didn’t come but lending. thank you. To the beloved female parent of Nachor. who guides and gives thoughts and for rectifying we are making. thank really much. Last to our loving and merciful God who gave us wisdom to us. Thank you so much. without you we were nil. Table of contents Introduction †¦a. Background of the study†¦B. Statement of the job objectives†¦1. General aims2. Discussion Specific aimsc. Significance of the surveyd. Scope and restrictionse. Review of related literature Methodologya. Materials/equipmentb. Treatment/general processConsequences and treatmenta. FindingssB. Analysis of informationsDecisionsRecommendationsBibliography Introduction The hypothesis is. if I add more sugar to the same sum of boiling H2O. it will turn more crystals. I believe the more sugar you add to the H2O the midst and more concentrated the H2O will be. There will be more sugar to come out of the solution when it is sitting for a period of clip. I chose this undertaking because comestible sugar crystals sounded like a good thought to make and seek. I saw this thought from Science Bob web site and thought it was interesting. a. Background of the survey Rock confect is really easy to do†¦ You merely necessitate basic kitchen ingredients and a batch of clip and forbearance. The confect is made by the procedure called crystallisation. You will happen out subsequently why. The confect is made of H2O and sugar ( melted in the H2O ) merely flavorers and nutrient colourss are optional. Of class the liquid sugar needs a solid substance so it can crystallise at that place. So dip astick. straw. anything clean to the mixture and it will crystallizethere. The original ingredients in doing a typical confect arealmond paste. chocolate butter. dry fondant. etc. We conducted this survey to look into if we can get to a merchandise similar to a authoritative B. Statement of job aimsThe survey will be conducted to reply the undermentioned inquiries: A. Will replacing the original liquid with H2O used affects the confect? B. How long will the crystallisation procedure last?C. Will the confect be comestible? 1. General aims The aims or this experiment is to hold a new and delightful homemade confect that can be inexpensive but meaningful to eat. 2. Specific aims The specific aims here are about utilizing an low-cost and besides available in your house so you can do it on your ain. c. Significance of the survey This survey will demo you if you can do your ain confect at place. It is like confect doing made easy. If you get used to it. you might even do a concern out of it and experiment with other to do it savor better. It can besides be simple avocation or past clip to anyone who has a batch of clip. We will besides be able to detect the procedure of crystallisation which others seldom. if non. neer get to see. The importance of this is survey is to hold small cognition about doing and utilizing things in your kitchen so you don’t need to purchase it. If there are things that non utilizing. like leftovers in your kitchen so that it will non be a waste and it can be do a utile things or do a delicious nutrients or confects. d. Scope and restrictions Most of childs and teens like purchasing and eating nutrients and confects to pass some leisure clip with their friend. sometimes they utilizing confects or nutrient to loosen up and hold merriment and got interesting to be used to it. But sometimes I know that confects and other nutrients are non allowed specially when you ate them excessively much. e. Review of related literature Crystallization is the procedure of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution. thaws or morerarely deposited straight from a gas. Crystallization is besides a chemical solid-liquid separation technique. in which mass transportation of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline stage occurs. Our survey had undergone one of the major events in the said procedure which is the crystal growing. A crystal is a solid stuff whose component atoms. molecules. or ions are arranged in an orderly repetition patternextending in all three spacial dimensions. Crystal growing is a majorstage of a crystallisation procedure. and consists in the add-on of new atoms. ions. or polymer strings into the characteristic agreement of a crystalline Brava is lattice. The growing typically follows an initial phase of either homogenous or heterogenous nucleation. unless a†seed† crystal. intentionally added to get down the growing. was alreadypresent. For crystallisati on to happen from a solution it mustbe supersaturated. This means that the solution has to incorporate more solute entities dissolved than it would incorporate under the equilibrium ( concentrated solution ) . When we put sugar into the hot H2O. the solution Methodology a. Materials/equipment In doing stone confect: * Measuring cup and spoon* Large sauce pan* Long wooden spoon* Clean glass jar ( a tall. strong one )* Clean piece of cotton twine* Popsicle stick. pencil. or wooden skewer* Paper cartridge holder* 1 cup H2O* 2 cups of granulated sugar* A few beads of your favourite confect flavorer ( optional )* A few beads of nutrient colouring ( optional ) b. Treatment/general process Get down a pot of H2O boiling on the range.Tie a piece of threading around the center of the stick. The twine should be long plenty so that when the stick is placed over the top of the glass. the twine will come up merely abruptly of the underside. Wet the twine with a small H2O and axial rotation it in the sugar. Put the paper cartridge holder on the terminal of the twine to move as a weight and assist the twine stay directly. Put the stick over the top of the glass jar so that the twine bents down indoors the jar. but non touching the underside of the jar. When the H2O has started boiling. take it from the heat and allow the H2O settee. Stir in the sugar and maize sirup. one tablespoon at a clip. Continue adding the sugar until it starts roll uping at the underside of the pot and will non fade out even when you stir. This will take a piece and a good spot of sugar but non excessively much. If you want to add seasoning or colour. stir it in now. Pour the sugary sirup solution into the glass until it is about 1 inch ( 2. 5cm ) from the top. Consequences and Discussion Normally they should turn on the stick or twine and that is if you do it decently but it is rather likely that the crystals will turn on the base of the container/glass a. Findingss B. Analysis of informations

School Bullying free essay sample

In the past many have focused on the abuse of drug and alcohol use in school aged students along with students carrying weapons to schools, it seemed as if no one was recognizing the significance of school bullying. For victims of bullying, they go to school every day facing harassment, taunting, and humiliation. Studies show that 25-35% of teens encountered some type of bullying in their lifetime (Nansel et al, 2001). Bullying is a form of violent behavior that happens not only in the schools but everywhere. Kids have been exposed to bullying in school for generations. Even though bullying has always been a factor the consequences for the victims have become more severe and sometimes fatal. The violent behavior within school disrupts the learning process and creates a negative atmosphere for the students, staff and everyone involved. There has to be an answer and a solution for what we as educators and members of a community can do to minimize and stop bullying. We will write a custom essay sample on School Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Dan Olewus, creator of Olweus Bullying Prevention Program bullying is defined when a person is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself (When looking at this definition of bullying it is important to notice that there are three components. The first component of bullying is there must be aggressive, unwanted negative behavior, the negative behavior has to be repeated over a period of time and finally there has to be an imbalance of strength between the two individuals involved. There are many forms of bullying some of which include verbal belittling regarding religion, race, looks, or speech; hitting, pushing or slapping; rumors; and sexual comments or gestures. Pansy, nerd, dweeb, and loser: these are just a few of the horrible slurs that school bullies direct toward their not accepted, vulnerable peers. These malicious words can quickly grind down the self-esteem of their victims. However, words are not the only tool the bullies use against their victims. Physical violence towards the weak and emotionally unstable is a common theme in many schools, and can pose a grave threat to those students who cannot readily defend themselves. Physical bullying can result in many dangerous outcomes. The bully themselves create physical harm to their victims and even in some cases the victim has a breaking point and retaliates in a violent way. Unfortunately some students and faculty do not feel like their schools are safe because of the types of bullying that occur. In the past there have been devastating acts of school shootings that haunt the minds of many. One of the more devastating examples of bullied victim retaliation is of the kids from the Columbine shooting, where two kids who were bullied went on a murderous shooting rampage killing the lives of many at their schools and taking their own. According to the United States Secret Service and Department of Education’s school violence report, as more violent acts occur, not only in their schools and other schools around the world, more kids are becoming afraid to go to school. Schools need to become a safe haven for students not a place of fear. As educators we need to develop a plan to minimize the bullying and let students know they are safe when they cross through the doors of the school. One of the first questions asked about bullying is why would someone bully another person? Some people believe bullying and aggressive attitudes towards one another are normal behavior for children. Dr. Howard Spivak of the New England Medical Center disagrees, he says bullies or people being bullied are people who show indicators that something is wrong, and children who experience either or both need help (Spivak Prothrow-Stith, 2001). While looking through research, one conclusion that can be drawn about kids and teens who bully, a common denominator is they come from a bad home environment. Signs and evidence pointed to individuals who bully have been verbally or physically abused at home, which causes anger and sadness to build inside of them. If this is the case these â€Å"bullies† are looking for a way to take it out on someone who will not fight back. Which brings up the next question about bullying, what makes someone a target of bullying? The victims of bullying tend to be the exact opposites of their bully. Finding the victims of bullying, or even potential victims of bullying, tends to be easier to find then the bullies themselves. People who are bullied are often shy and quiet, with few friends and little social support at school. They may be physically weak or lack confidence in their physical abilities therefore they rarely stand up to bullies. Most victims do nothing to provoke the harassment, their lack of physical strength and social abilities do it for them. There is on subgroup of bully-victims called the â€Å"aggressive† victims. These victims are usually impulsive and socially clumsy. They often have reading and writing problems and show characteristics of attention-deficit disorder (ADHD). Their behavior tends to bring out negative reactions from other students. James D. Unnevern found in his study, â€Å"Bullies, Aggressive Victims and Victims: Are They Distinct Groups? † aggressive victims were less proactively aggressive but more reactively aggressive than pure bullies (Unevern, 2005). They were also substantially more proactively aggressive than pure victims. What that means is the â€Å"aggressive† victims react in a negative way to how people are treating them rather than being the instigators of the bullying. Bullying occurs at any school age starting from lower education and into the high school years. Researchers at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development found 30 percent of 6th through 10th graders are involved in bullying at school and frequency of bullying was found to be higher among 6-8th graders compared to 9-10th graders, and more prominent among boys compared to girls (Langdon Preble 2008). Who are bullies? Bullies can be anyone. Within a school building a bully can be an administrator, a teacher, a staff member and both male and female students. Most studies have shown there are more boys bullies than girls. However, do not count girls out; there can be a girl bully too. Although physical bullying does happens among girls, they tend to use less-direct tactics such as ostracizing their victims, spreading rumors, name-calling and/or manipulating friendships. Boys tend to get physical, threatening bodily harm to their victims. Even though boys usually revert to physical bullying, with social network popularity on the rise, more social and verbal bullying is being seen between boy bullies and their victims. To conclude who are our bullies, they can be anyone. A bully is a person, no matter what age, gender, or race, who gangs up on a weaker individual repeatedly causing physical or emotional harm. You never really hear of any positive results as an outcome in a bullying situation, however there have been plenty stories that end in a devastating or even fatale way. In extreme cases, someone, between the bully and the victim, ends up dying. It is usually the victim who takes their own life and in some cases set out for revenge before doing so. In 2006, Megan Meier, age thirteen, was repeatedly bullied over popular social network called MySpace. Because of bully telling her the world would be a better place without her; Megan took her own life (Cyber Bullying, 2007). If the victim gets bullied enough, they can develop depression and become unsafe to themselves or to others. The topic of bullying has gained not only national attention but international attention. People everywhere wonder what we can do to put an end to the bullying. Organizations have been created to bring awareness to bullying and schools are beginning to create a zero tolerance policy within their schools. The idea of what can be done to stop bullying has stumped a lot of people. There have been suggestions of ignoring the bully, but that seems to never work, they are persistent and it could only get worse. For other students who want to stop the bullying they could simply approach the victim and make them feel welcomed and not alone, giving them a support system from the bully. Unfortunately there are many students who will not do anything about it because they do not want to be the replace target of the bully if they protect or support the first victim. Many schools have created a student organization called S. A. V. E. , Students Against Violence Everywhere. The members of this group try to serve as mediators and help victims when bullying happens. SAVE attempt to take a group of individuals – who are often powerless against the pains of bullying – and turn them into a cohesive group letting them know they are not alone. (Rinaldo, 2005). There is only so much the other students can do to try and prevent bullying without putting themselves into harm so it is up to the teachers and administrators to help them put an end to it. Following the infamous Columbine High School shooting, mentioned earlier, where two victims of bullying went on a shooting rampage at their schools many schools have enacted zero tolerance policies towards violence within schools. The zero tolerance policy is strict and creates rules for both students and faculty. This policy allows no exceptions, and leaves room for no doubt when a rule is broken which could bring violence to any member around the school building and should result in suspension and expulsion. Many schools have adopted this policy and have observed both positive and negative results. Those who favor the policy, look at whether the school environment has improvement due to zero tolerance. The individuals who are pro zero tolerance believes it has reinstated safety in schools giving students, parents, teachers, and the community a breath of relief. Jack McConnell, an education minister from Scotland, is in favor of the zero tolerance policy for bullies and commented saying, a school community should be one where pupils are free to learn and realize their potential away from bullying (Holme Buie 2001). Additionally, zero tolerance promotes fair punishment to all individuals. A zero tolerance policy for schools can create the same rules and consequences for all students within a school no matter their race, gender, religion, background or socioeconomic status (Rice, 2009). It seems if there is a strict policy put in place, such as the zero tolerance policy, the strict rules will imply expectations of how their students should behave and if these rules are not met there will be consequences. While zero-tolerance may seem like a good idea on paper and has been beneficial to some school systems, others feel it is detrimental to education. People who are opposed of the zero tolerance policy in schools all have the same belief that it is too extreme or inappropriate and that teachers and administrators are not using it in the correct form. After Columbine, and recent events like Columbine, like the devastating shooting at Virginia Tech it is understandable why schools have heightened their security. There seems to a reoccurring theme that the individuals who went on these rampages were victims of bullying and creating a policy to eliminate bullying is understandable. But many argue the zero tolerance policy while it is a good concept, needs to provide more logic on how to put the policy in place. In her article, The Time is Right to End Zero Tolerance, author Gara Lamarche suggest that zero-tolerance policies are ineffective in improving student behavior and student achievement (Lamarche, 2011). Without a clear understanding of how to implement a zero tolerance policy and logic behind the consequences the nations suspension and expulsion levels are at a new high. According to recent data contained from the National Center on Education Statistics more than 3. million students were suspended or expelled in 2006, which means for every 14 students one of those were expelled or suspended. The report also indicated of those punished, less than one in 10 were for violent offenses. The vast majority were for non-violent offenses, such as tardiness, talking back to a teacher, or violating dress codes (Lamarche, 2011). Zero tolerance can limit misbehavior with students but the extreme consequences of suspension and expulsion can have serious effects on education process; the students who are likely to be suspended or expelled are the very students who can least afford to miss class. While preventing education is not the intention of zero tolerance, it has become a negative side effect. Research and literature shows we are still struggling to come up with a solution on what to do to decrease bullying and not affect the educational process. Zero-tolerance for violent acts seems like it could be an effective way to help decrease bullying in the educational environment. However, if schools do decide to adapt this policy it is important for everyone to have the same understanding of how and when this should be enforced and what can be done so the process of learning is not disrupted. What can we do to prevent bullying? If there is not a policy at your school about bullying, try to get involved as much as possible. Some administrators want to implement policies and there are student organized groups trying to take action, but teachers need to get involved too. Teachers cannot be afraid to take a stand and voice their concerns about bullying with their administrators, hopefully the administrators have the same concerns and collectively you can work together to figure out what can be done. If you feel like the victim of bullying is comfortable enough with you try to approach them and hold a conversation. Ask them questions like how are they feeling, who is bullying them, and what can you do to help? Do not be surprised if the victim turns you away or shuts down and does not want to talk about, they may fear their bully is taking notice and may seek revenge. Even if the victim does shut down at least you have planted the seed in their head that you are there to help. If you have suspicion a child is being bullied getting the school counselor involved can help as well. Plan to have the counselor talk to the class as a whole to help plant another seed in the victims mind that there are more people willing to help. A teacher is an important role within the school, not just to educate, but to be a guide and mentor to the students as well. To conclude, schools are institutions which have the potential to mold and create our future generations. The increase in school bullying has directed our attention to the need to take all steps to ensure a safe learning environment for students and teachers.