Law Dissertation Topics Free Essays

1.0 Introduction The following guide outlines a variety of law dissertation titles across several disciplines such as company law, criminal law and human rights law. You could use any of these topics if you’re thinking of doing a LLM or LLB dissertation. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Dissertation Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you need more help on choosing an ideal topic, do not hesitate to contact us at our site. 2.0. Law Dissertation Topics 2.1. Company Law 2.1.1. An assessment of the impact of s.172 of the Companies Act 2006: is â€Å"enlightened shareholder value† working? 2.1.2. Is the current regulatory environment in Company Law sufficient to ensure that Companies will take into account more than simply their profitsA case study into the effect of the Companies Act 2006. 2.1.3. The Banking Crisis and Company Law: Will the Vickers Commission reforms be sufficient to promote financial stability, competition and stronger corporate governance? 2.1.4. Should the corporate veil be lifted more often in the UKA comparative study of the UK and the USA with respect to legal challenges to limited liability. 2.1.5. An assessment of Director’s Duties under ss 171-177: Do they prevent corporate wrongdoing and is reform needed? 2.1.6. Is Corporate Social Responsibility too important to be left to self-regulationAn examination of the current state of CSR in the UK. 2.1.7. In light of the crisis of corporate governance should members be free to enforce the constitution of the company? 2.1.8. Are stakeholders undervalued in UK Company LawA Comparative study of UK, Germany and Japanese Company law. 2.1.9 Piercing the Corporate Veil: A study into the effectiveness of rules which go behind a company’s facade – is legislation needed to properly hold companies to account? 2.1.10The contractual effect of a Companies’ Articles of Association: Is s.33 of the Companies Act 2006 effective in outlining the boundaries of the rights and obligations companies owe to their members? 2.1.11Corporate Social Responsibility in the UK: is the UK’s legal regime regulating CSR effective? 2.1.12 Corporate Governance in the UK: a comparison of Germany’s structures of corporate control with the UK’s Company Act 2006 2.1.13 Corporate Crime: Is the Corporate Manslaughter and Homicide Act of 2007 working? 2.1.14The Banking crisis of 2008 and corporate governance: a critical analysis of the effect of the Companies Act 2006 s.172 on companies and banks in the UK 2.2. Criminal Law 2.2.1. Are Companies and Directors being held fully responsible for their criminal negligenceA critical analysis of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007. 2.2.2. An evaluation of the current state of English criminal law in relation to the defence of self defence. 2.2.3. The problems with provocation as a defence to murder: Has the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 provided the solution for those who suffer from domestic violence and battered women’s syndrome? 2.2.4. Is the law of murder still a â€Å"mess†A study into the recommendations of the Law Commission from 2004 and how they have been implemented in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. 2.2.5. Intoxication and criminal liability: Should the Law Commission’s proposals back in 1993 be adopted in the UK? 2.3. Human Rights/Constitutional Law 2.3.1. Has the European Court of Human Rights been balancing article 6 (freedom of expression) and article 8 (right to a private life) adequatelyA study into media law and freedom of expression in the UK. 2.3.2. Have the police been using their powers of detention and questioning of suspects adequately in response to the terrorism threat in the UKA study into the current state of police powers in relation to terrorism. 2.3.3. An examination of the UK’s current obligations under extradition: do articles 2 (right to life) and 3 (torture) overprotect individuals like Abu Hamza? 2.3.4. Terrorism and Human Rights: has the European Convention on Human Rights aided or undermined the fight against terrorism? 2.3.5. Has the European Convention on Human Rights eroded state sovereignty too muchA case study into the experience of the UK with comparison to Germany and France. 2.3.6. Has the Supreme Court been respecting human rightsA study into the case load of the Supreme Court up to 2012. 2.3.7. Human Rights and Religion: A critical analysis of article 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights in the UK 2.3.8. Is there a case for a British Bill of RightsAn examination of the proposals of the Coalition Government in relation to human rights in the UK. 2.4. Commercial Law 2.4.1. Is the correct balance between the buyer and the seller being struck in relation to e-commerce in the UKA study into the current state of the law. 2.4.2. Is arbitration superior to litigationA study of the sports arbitration tribunal and its’ decisions. 2.4.3. Should UK consumers have a right to reject faulty goodsAn examination of the current state of the Law Commission’s proposals of 2008. 2.5 Medical Law 2.5.1. Euthanasia and the law: Do the current rules on euthanasia violate individual will? 2.5.2. An examination of the Mental Capacity Act 2005: Are the rights of mentally ill individuals being respected? 2.5.3. Do the rules on the compulsory admission of adults for treatment need reformA study into the common law vs mental health legislation. 2.5.4. Was the decision in R (Purdy) v DPP (2009) EWCA Civ 92 the correct oneAn examination into euthanasia and human rights in the UK with comparison to Switzerland. 3.0 Additional Links How to write a Law Dissertation How to Structure a Law Dissertation How to cite Law Dissertation Topics, Essays

The History and Impact of Photography Essay Example For Students

The History and Impact of Photography Essay Its next to impossible to imagine a technology that impacted the twentieth century more than photography. The airplanes, nuclear power, automobiles were more prominent than photography, yet on a day-to-day term, photography was the most spread out. Photography is an art form that was developed in the 1830s but was publicly recognized a decade later. Before being considered an art form, photography fought a tough, controversial battle. The multiple applications it derived into and the diverse areas its used, made it a skeptical medium of art (Sandweiss). Today, it is one of the greatest hobby, if not the greatest. Not every individual knows what a shutter speed or even camera obscurer is, nor have many heard of Annie Leibowitz or Henri Cartier-Bresson. Photography has completely changed the opinions and many individuals views on the world. Its not just a picture on a small piece of paper. Photographs are used to capture the beauty, document family milestones, stalk celebrities and reveal the ugliness of war (Walter). In comparison to the other media, photography is way ahead in the way that it has changed the world. The world no longer focuses on paintings and words, but on photographs. Also, it has changed how people perceive themselves. During the American Civil War, many people were shocked with the war photographs being published in the newspapers. War had been photographed for the first time, and these people were witnessing the reality of death for the first time. Before this, people had only heard of stories of heroes. However, these stories were not always accurate. On seeing the pictures, fields full of dead people, rivers full of blood and bruised soldiers running while carrying their guns, their thoughts of war totally v aried. They had previously heard of death during war, but seeing it was entirely another matter (Locke). Due to the photographs, they began seeing war as a more serious death or life situation. In the twenty-first century, where most photographs are digital, photography power lies in all the electronic devices with a lens and a photosensitive element. Photography came from the flourishing film industry from late nineteenth century to the twentieth. The thin plastic sheet coated with emulsion enjoyed it peak in the 1900s when it was indispensable for motion picture, photography and even in the medical world (Locke). Before the introduction of roll film by George Eastman, cameras were big and complicated and used silver-surfaced copper plates. As a result, they were complex, big, costly and only used by professional photographs. Eastman marketed the small, cheap and reliable Kodak camera with the film. Kodak camera was cheap, and consequently, ordinary people could afford the film rolls everywhere, and they could easily develop them at pocket-friendly prices. This was the beginning of amateur photographs (Walter).   More people owned cameras that resulted in people changing their point of view towards the world. The advertising industry increasingly employed photography during the period Kodak used pictorial advertisement to create a market for its papers, films, and cameras. Popular magazines before the television era as well as newspapers were carriers for most of these print advertising. The main reason for advertising was to create the desire that would attract new customers to the products that were available. Although painted illustrations and drawings were commonly used in advertisements during the early part of the twentieth century, photography gradually took over (Ming). As advertising photographs presented desires for consumers to purchase products, editorial photography opened information treasure chest that could be presented to the public in visual, not just in the verbal sense to the mass audience, text without pictures is boring (Locke). Engravings and drawings had been used in magazines and newspapers for as long as it was tolerable with the available technology. However, with the expansion of technology, photographs soon became a staple for the dailies (Sandweiss). Development of scanned photos, wire photo, telephone wires, and telegraph sped the global distribution of news pictures. .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .postImageUrl , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:hover , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:visited , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:active { border:0!important; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:active , .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3cdc074725bdb37afce38ecc3bbbe7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A History of Portraiture EssayThe importance of photography is not only limited to the world of art but is used in multiple aspects in our world today. Most of the first photographers didn’t consider themselves artists, instead, they considered themselves engineers, scientists, botanists, chemists, astronomers and inventors (Locke). Photography has been known to capture the beauty, but it also documents major historical events. Photographs allow for us to enter an era we never experienced and saw what it felt like to be at that moment (Walter). In pseudo-sciences, photographs earned credibility as objective evidence as they could record events, people, and places, Photographers such as Edward Muybridge came up with photographs portfolios that measured animal and human movement. His photographs recorded movement that gradually increased in stages that were too fast for the naked human eye to capture. His work accomplished the cameras promise to heighten, or even create new forms of photographs for scientific study (Sandweiss). Photography isnt just about clicking moments and recording moments. Its a form of communication, a form of expression and a form of art and crafts. The photograph offers the observer with a glimpse of the world through the eye, and in numerous ways via the heart of the viewer. Its through the photograph that people can see situations, landscapes, people, perspectives, colors, angles, and shapes that they wont be able to witness on their own. The more the people look at the photographs, the more they perceive they are accustomed to ignoring. Photographs create the bridge between what people want to see and all that is there to see. It’s an eye-opening evolutionary process that brings light to the unseen (Walter). Annotated Bibliography Locke, Nancy. How Photography Evolved from Science.  The Conversation: Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair  (2015). Web. Nancy Locke is an associate professor of art history at Pennsylvania State University with a passion for photography. Locke clearly defines the evolution of art from science and shows how photography impacted both fields of study. This text assesses the impact of photography on culture and visual literacy in the twentieth century. Her work explores the relationship between art and culture. The anthology addresses the way photography has redefined our experience of space and time. Nancy provides an overview of the implications arising from the application of computer technology to photography, concentrating on the real of photographic journalism. She addresses the factual and ethical issues problems that arise out of a computer. She suggests redefining photo-journalism as editorial photography. Ming, Thein.  The Line Between Art and Photography. 23 January 2014. 2016 March 30. Ming Thein is an aspiring artist who writes multiple articles to better research the subject of photography. Her piece dwells into the differences of photography as art versus photography used for documentation. It offers quite of bit of insight into the differences of each. The physical and theoretical shift from photography to the digital camera is explored in this article. The writings and works redefine photography as an interactive medium made possible through technological innovations. Ming explores the capacity of photographs as evidence. He investigates photographys subversion claim to truth by the emergence of digital imaging. Also, he places photography close to algorithmic conditions since they are automatically created with little information on the intention of the photographer. Sandweiss, Martha.  Photography in Nineteenth-Century America.  Fort Worth, Texas: Amon Carter Museum Publishers, 2014. Book. Martha A. Sandweiss is a professor of history at Princeton University and the author Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line (2009). She focuses in great detail on the importance of photography to history and its resourcefulness to the revolutionizing of the world. Walter, Benjamin. Little History of Photography. Harvard Art Journals  (1999): 506-531. Web. .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .postImageUrl , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:hover , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:visited , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:active { border:0!important; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:active , .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897 .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub91c355aafeb9861c0cea777da083897:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stax Music History EssayBenjamin, Walter. â€Å"Little History of Photography.† The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2 (1999): 506-531. Web. Walter Benjamin was a German Philosopher, who wrote multiple literary pieces that are still regarded upon today. In his piece, Little History of Photography, Benjamin dives into the origination of photography. He looks at the perspective of different parties on the subject. His main goal is to define the importance of photography and its progress through history.   Benjamin discusses the birth of photography and its impact on those who first experienced the revolutionary machine. Benjamin Little dives deep into the subject and provides great detail on the birth era of photography. This article fits quite perfectly into my topic because it starts from the birth of photography and dives into its importance to the world of art.

Rock Powder Candy Essay Sample free essay sample

The hypothesis of this experiment is that if I add different sums of sugar to the same sum of boiling H2O and let it to be cooled. than the 1 with the extra cup of sugar will be the 1 that grows more crystals. Therefore. the hypothesis was right. The chosen glass to add the pure cane sugar did turn much more crystals at a more rapid gait. The intent of the experiment is to turn a big sum of crystals on a wooden skewer. Rock confect is a confect made with sugar that to try to turn on a wooden skewer. This delightful confect is really crystallized sugar that from a sugar-water solution. Along with this. this Science Investigatory Project ( SIP ) is deliberately would wish to educate each and every single how to turn their ain stone confect and find if they utilize different types of sugar. it will alter the growing rate of your sugar crystals. Every sugar added into the excess cup in the observation 2. it grew about 8 centimeters more than observation 1 over a period of 5 yearss. Recognition This experiment would non come into decision without the undermentioned individuals who inspired and helped us to come up with this research. We would wish to widen our heartfelt gratitude to the undermentioned individuals who cooperate and shared their clip assisting to finish this enterprise. To our group member. for coming and assist a batch to do our experiment delightful. and to the other group member who didn’t come but lending. thank you. To the beloved female parent of Nachor. who guides and gives thoughts and for rectifying we are making. thank really much. Last to our loving and merciful God who gave us wisdom to us. Thank you so much. without you we were nil. Table of contents Introduction †¦a. Background of the study†¦B. Statement of the job objectives†¦1. General aims2. Discussion Specific aimsc. Significance of the surveyd. Scope and restrictionse. Review of related literature Methodologya. Materials/equipmentb. Treatment/general processConsequences and treatmenta. FindingssB. Analysis of informationsDecisionsRecommendationsBibliography Introduction The hypothesis is. if I add more sugar to the same sum of boiling H2O. it will turn more crystals. I believe the more sugar you add to the H2O the midst and more concentrated the H2O will be. There will be more sugar to come out of the solution when it is sitting for a period of clip. I chose this undertaking because comestible sugar crystals sounded like a good thought to make and seek. I saw this thought from Science Bob web site and thought it was interesting. a. Background of the survey Rock confect is really easy to do†¦ You merely necessitate basic kitchen ingredients and a batch of clip and forbearance. The confect is made by the procedure called crystallisation. You will happen out subsequently why. The confect is made of H2O and sugar ( melted in the H2O ) merely flavorers and nutrient colourss are optional. Of class the liquid sugar needs a solid substance so it can crystallise at that place. So dip astick. straw. anything clean to the mixture and it will crystallizethere. The original ingredients in doing a typical confect arealmond paste. chocolate butter. dry fondant. etc. We conducted this survey to look into if we can get to a merchandise similar to a authoritative B. Statement of job aimsThe survey will be conducted to reply the undermentioned inquiries: A. Will replacing the original liquid with H2O used affects the confect? B. How long will the crystallisation procedure last?C. Will the confect be comestible? 1. General aims The aims or this experiment is to hold a new and delightful homemade confect that can be inexpensive but meaningful to eat. 2. Specific aims The specific aims here are about utilizing an low-cost and besides available in your house so you can do it on your ain. c. Significance of the survey This survey will demo you if you can do your ain confect at place. It is like confect doing made easy. If you get used to it. you might even do a concern out of it and experiment with other to do it savor better. It can besides be simple avocation or past clip to anyone who has a batch of clip. We will besides be able to detect the procedure of crystallisation which others seldom. if non. neer get to see. The importance of this is survey is to hold small cognition about doing and utilizing things in your kitchen so you don’t need to purchase it. If there are things that non utilizing. like leftovers in your kitchen so that it will non be a waste and it can be do a utile things or do a delicious nutrients or confects. d. Scope and restrictions Most of childs and teens like purchasing and eating nutrients and confects to pass some leisure clip with their friend. sometimes they utilizing confects or nutrient to loosen up and hold merriment and got interesting to be used to it. But sometimes I know that confects and other nutrients are non allowed specially when you ate them excessively much. e. Review of related literature Crystallization is the procedure of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution. thaws or morerarely deposited straight from a gas. Crystallization is besides a chemical solid-liquid separation technique. in which mass transportation of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline stage occurs. Our survey had undergone one of the major events in the said procedure which is the crystal growing. A crystal is a solid stuff whose component atoms. molecules. or ions are arranged in an orderly repetition patternextending in all three spacial dimensions. Crystal growing is a majorstage of a crystallisation procedure. and consists in the add-on of new atoms. ions. or polymer strings into the characteristic agreement of a crystalline Brava is lattice. The growing typically follows an initial phase of either homogenous or heterogenous nucleation. unless a†seed† crystal. intentionally added to get down the growing. was alreadypresent. For crystallisati on to happen from a solution it mustbe supersaturated. This means that the solution has to incorporate more solute entities dissolved than it would incorporate under the equilibrium ( concentrated solution ) . When we put sugar into the hot H2O. the solution Methodology a. Materials/equipment In doing stone confect: * Measuring cup and spoon* Large sauce pan* Long wooden spoon* Clean glass jar ( a tall. strong one )* Clean piece of cotton twine* Popsicle stick. pencil. or wooden skewer* Paper cartridge holder* 1 cup H2O* 2 cups of granulated sugar* A few beads of your favourite confect flavorer ( optional )* A few beads of nutrient colouring ( optional ) b. Treatment/general process Get down a pot of H2O boiling on the range.Tie a piece of threading around the center of the stick. The twine should be long plenty so that when the stick is placed over the top of the glass. the twine will come up merely abruptly of the underside. Wet the twine with a small H2O and axial rotation it in the sugar. Put the paper cartridge holder on the terminal of the twine to move as a weight and assist the twine stay directly. Put the stick over the top of the glass jar so that the twine bents down indoors the jar. but non touching the underside of the jar. When the H2O has started boiling. take it from the heat and allow the H2O settee. Stir in the sugar and maize sirup. one tablespoon at a clip. Continue adding the sugar until it starts roll uping at the underside of the pot and will non fade out even when you stir. This will take a piece and a good spot of sugar but non excessively much. If you want to add seasoning or colour. stir it in now. Pour the sugary sirup solution into the glass until it is about 1 inch ( 2. 5cm ) from the top. Consequences and Discussion Normally they should turn on the stick or twine and that is if you do it decently but it is rather likely that the crystals will turn on the base of the container/glass a. Findingss B. Analysis of informations

School Bullying free essay sample

In the past many have focused on the abuse of drug and alcohol use in school aged students along with students carrying weapons to schools, it seemed as if no one was recognizing the significance of school bullying. For victims of bullying, they go to school every day facing harassment, taunting, and humiliation. Studies show that 25-35% of teens encountered some type of bullying in their lifetime (Nansel et al, 2001). Bullying is a form of violent behavior that happens not only in the schools but everywhere. Kids have been exposed to bullying in school for generations. Even though bullying has always been a factor the consequences for the victims have become more severe and sometimes fatal. The violent behavior within school disrupts the learning process and creates a negative atmosphere for the students, staff and everyone involved. There has to be an answer and a solution for what we as educators and members of a community can do to minimize and stop bullying. We will write a custom essay sample on School Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Dan Olewus, creator of Olweus Bullying Prevention Program bullying is defined when a person is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself (When looking at this definition of bullying it is important to notice that there are three components. The first component of bullying is there must be aggressive, unwanted negative behavior, the negative behavior has to be repeated over a period of time and finally there has to be an imbalance of strength between the two individuals involved. There are many forms of bullying some of which include verbal belittling regarding religion, race, looks, or speech; hitting, pushing or slapping; rumors; and sexual comments or gestures. Pansy, nerd, dweeb, and loser: these are just a few of the horrible slurs that school bullies direct toward their not accepted, vulnerable peers. These malicious words can quickly grind down the self-esteem of their victims. However, words are not the only tool the bullies use against their victims. Physical violence towards the weak and emotionally unstable is a common theme in many schools, and can pose a grave threat to those students who cannot readily defend themselves. Physical bullying can result in many dangerous outcomes. The bully themselves create physical harm to their victims and even in some cases the victim has a breaking point and retaliates in a violent way. Unfortunately some students and faculty do not feel like their schools are safe because of the types of bullying that occur. In the past there have been devastating acts of school shootings that haunt the minds of many. One of the more devastating examples of bullied victim retaliation is of the kids from the Columbine shooting, where two kids who were bullied went on a murderous shooting rampage killing the lives of many at their schools and taking their own. According to the United States Secret Service and Department of Education’s school violence report, as more violent acts occur, not only in their schools and other schools around the world, more kids are becoming afraid to go to school. Schools need to become a safe haven for students not a place of fear. As educators we need to develop a plan to minimize the bullying and let students know they are safe when they cross through the doors of the school. One of the first questions asked about bullying is why would someone bully another person? Some people believe bullying and aggressive attitudes towards one another are normal behavior for children. Dr. Howard Spivak of the New England Medical Center disagrees, he says bullies or people being bullied are people who show indicators that something is wrong, and children who experience either or both need help (Spivak Prothrow-Stith, 2001). While looking through research, one conclusion that can be drawn about kids and teens who bully, a common denominator is they come from a bad home environment. Signs and evidence pointed to individuals who bully have been verbally or physically abused at home, which causes anger and sadness to build inside of them. If this is the case these â€Å"bullies† are looking for a way to take it out on someone who will not fight back. Which brings up the next question about bullying, what makes someone a target of bullying? The victims of bullying tend to be the exact opposites of their bully. Finding the victims of bullying, or even potential victims of bullying, tends to be easier to find then the bullies themselves. People who are bullied are often shy and quiet, with few friends and little social support at school. They may be physically weak or lack confidence in their physical abilities therefore they rarely stand up to bullies. Most victims do nothing to provoke the harassment, their lack of physical strength and social abilities do it for them. There is on subgroup of bully-victims called the â€Å"aggressive† victims. These victims are usually impulsive and socially clumsy. They often have reading and writing problems and show characteristics of attention-deficit disorder (ADHD). Their behavior tends to bring out negative reactions from other students. James D. Unnevern found in his study, â€Å"Bullies, Aggressive Victims and Victims: Are They Distinct Groups? † aggressive victims were less proactively aggressive but more reactively aggressive than pure bullies (Unevern, 2005). They were also substantially more proactively aggressive than pure victims. What that means is the â€Å"aggressive† victims react in a negative way to how people are treating them rather than being the instigators of the bullying. Bullying occurs at any school age starting from lower education and into the high school years. Researchers at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development found 30 percent of 6th through 10th graders are involved in bullying at school and frequency of bullying was found to be higher among 6-8th graders compared to 9-10th graders, and more prominent among boys compared to girls (Langdon Preble 2008). Who are bullies? Bullies can be anyone. Within a school building a bully can be an administrator, a teacher, a staff member and both male and female students. Most studies have shown there are more boys bullies than girls. However, do not count girls out; there can be a girl bully too. Although physical bullying does happens among girls, they tend to use less-direct tactics such as ostracizing their victims, spreading rumors, name-calling and/or manipulating friendships. Boys tend to get physical, threatening bodily harm to their victims. Even though boys usually revert to physical bullying, with social network popularity on the rise, more social and verbal bullying is being seen between boy bullies and their victims. To conclude who are our bullies, they can be anyone. A bully is a person, no matter what age, gender, or race, who gangs up on a weaker individual repeatedly causing physical or emotional harm. You never really hear of any positive results as an outcome in a bullying situation, however there have been plenty stories that end in a devastating or even fatale way. In extreme cases, someone, between the bully and the victim, ends up dying. It is usually the victim who takes their own life and in some cases set out for revenge before doing so. In 2006, Megan Meier, age thirteen, was repeatedly bullied over popular social network called MySpace. Because of bully telling her the world would be a better place without her; Megan took her own life (Cyber Bullying, 2007). If the victim gets bullied enough, they can develop depression and become unsafe to themselves or to others. The topic of bullying has gained not only national attention but international attention. People everywhere wonder what we can do to put an end to the bullying. Organizations have been created to bring awareness to bullying and schools are beginning to create a zero tolerance policy within their schools. The idea of what can be done to stop bullying has stumped a lot of people. There have been suggestions of ignoring the bully, but that seems to never work, they are persistent and it could only get worse. For other students who want to stop the bullying they could simply approach the victim and make them feel welcomed and not alone, giving them a support system from the bully. Unfortunately there are many students who will not do anything about it because they do not want to be the replace target of the bully if they protect or support the first victim. Many schools have created a student organization called S. A. V. E. , Students Against Violence Everywhere. The members of this group try to serve as mediators and help victims when bullying happens. SAVE attempt to take a group of individuals – who are often powerless against the pains of bullying – and turn them into a cohesive group letting them know they are not alone. (Rinaldo, 2005). There is only so much the other students can do to try and prevent bullying without putting themselves into harm so it is up to the teachers and administrators to help them put an end to it. Following the infamous Columbine High School shooting, mentioned earlier, where two victims of bullying went on a shooting rampage at their schools many schools have enacted zero tolerance policies towards violence within schools. The zero tolerance policy is strict and creates rules for both students and faculty. This policy allows no exceptions, and leaves room for no doubt when a rule is broken which could bring violence to any member around the school building and should result in suspension and expulsion. Many schools have adopted this policy and have observed both positive and negative results. Those who favor the policy, look at whether the school environment has improvement due to zero tolerance. The individuals who are pro zero tolerance believes it has reinstated safety in schools giving students, parents, teachers, and the community a breath of relief. Jack McConnell, an education minister from Scotland, is in favor of the zero tolerance policy for bullies and commented saying, a school community should be one where pupils are free to learn and realize their potential away from bullying (Holme Buie 2001). Additionally, zero tolerance promotes fair punishment to all individuals. A zero tolerance policy for schools can create the same rules and consequences for all students within a school no matter their race, gender, religion, background or socioeconomic status (Rice, 2009). It seems if there is a strict policy put in place, such as the zero tolerance policy, the strict rules will imply expectations of how their students should behave and if these rules are not met there will be consequences. While zero-tolerance may seem like a good idea on paper and has been beneficial to some school systems, others feel it is detrimental to education. People who are opposed of the zero tolerance policy in schools all have the same belief that it is too extreme or inappropriate and that teachers and administrators are not using it in the correct form. After Columbine, and recent events like Columbine, like the devastating shooting at Virginia Tech it is understandable why schools have heightened their security. There seems to a reoccurring theme that the individuals who went on these rampages were victims of bullying and creating a policy to eliminate bullying is understandable. But many argue the zero tolerance policy while it is a good concept, needs to provide more logic on how to put the policy in place. In her article, The Time is Right to End Zero Tolerance, author Gara Lamarche suggest that zero-tolerance policies are ineffective in improving student behavior and student achievement (Lamarche, 2011). Without a clear understanding of how to implement a zero tolerance policy and logic behind the consequences the nations suspension and expulsion levels are at a new high. According to recent data contained from the National Center on Education Statistics more than 3. million students were suspended or expelled in 2006, which means for every 14 students one of those were expelled or suspended. The report also indicated of those punished, less than one in 10 were for violent offenses. The vast majority were for non-violent offenses, such as tardiness, talking back to a teacher, or violating dress codes (Lamarche, 2011). Zero tolerance can limit misbehavior with students but the extreme consequences of suspension and expulsion can have serious effects on education process; the students who are likely to be suspended or expelled are the very students who can least afford to miss class. While preventing education is not the intention of zero tolerance, it has become a negative side effect. Research and literature shows we are still struggling to come up with a solution on what to do to decrease bullying and not affect the educational process. Zero-tolerance for violent acts seems like it could be an effective way to help decrease bullying in the educational environment. However, if schools do decide to adapt this policy it is important for everyone to have the same understanding of how and when this should be enforced and what can be done so the process of learning is not disrupted. What can we do to prevent bullying? If there is not a policy at your school about bullying, try to get involved as much as possible. Some administrators want to implement policies and there are student organized groups trying to take action, but teachers need to get involved too. Teachers cannot be afraid to take a stand and voice their concerns about bullying with their administrators, hopefully the administrators have the same concerns and collectively you can work together to figure out what can be done. If you feel like the victim of bullying is comfortable enough with you try to approach them and hold a conversation. Ask them questions like how are they feeling, who is bullying them, and what can you do to help? Do not be surprised if the victim turns you away or shuts down and does not want to talk about, they may fear their bully is taking notice and may seek revenge. Even if the victim does shut down at least you have planted the seed in their head that you are there to help. If you have suspicion a child is being bullied getting the school counselor involved can help as well. Plan to have the counselor talk to the class as a whole to help plant another seed in the victims mind that there are more people willing to help. A teacher is an important role within the school, not just to educate, but to be a guide and mentor to the students as well. To conclude, schools are institutions which have the potential to mold and create our future generations. The increase in school bullying has directed our attention to the need to take all steps to ensure a safe learning environment for students and teachers.

Essay Change Control

Essay Change Control Essay Change Control Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Abstract Purpose – To explore the shared experience of organizational change from centralized allocation and control of services and resources to an empowering partnership approach to service delivery in one Canadian home care program. Design/methodology/approach – Applying an interpretive phenomenological design, data from in-depth interviews with a purposeful sample (n  ¼ 28) of providers, clients and informal caregivers were analysed using hermeneutic techniques, and validated by member checking and peer review. Findings – The overall experience of change was comprised of two dynamic change patterns: extrinsically introduced organizational development, facilitated by contextual factors; and intrinsically developed transformational change, impeded by the same contextual factors. The patterns together comprised participants’ enactment of an answer to the existential question, â€Å"To have or to be?† Research limitations/implications – While interpretive research does not elicit generalizable results, the ï ¬ ndings of this study illuminate the importance of choosing change strategies appropriate for the intended change, addressing what the change may mean to all involved, and confronting the contextual factors that undermine the change. Practical implications – New strategies are needed if engrained attitudes, values and beliefs about professional service delivery are to be changed. Originality/value – The interpretation exposes the nature of professional practice in health and social services, the impact of this work context on practice, and concrete strategies for managing organizational change. Keywords Organizational change, Health services, Home care, Social services, Canada Paper type Research paper Introduction Declining resources and organizational restructuring distract attention from efforts to develop more client-centred, empowering partnership approaches to health and social services delivery (Falk-Raphael, 1996; Montgomery, 1993; Stewart et al., 2003). Yet in the ï ¬ eld of home care, heightened consumer expectations and evaluations of approaches affording clients greater autonomy and voice in their care at home (Alberta Ministry of Health, 1993; Manitoba Ministry of Health, 1994; Saskatchewan Health, This interdisciplinary study was funded by the Medical Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The ï ¬ ndings and conclusions are those of the authors. No ofï ¬ cial endorsement by the funding bodies should be concluded, nor should it be inferred. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Ms Lisa Tran with the preparation of Figure 1. Journal of Organizational Change Management Vol. 19 No. 2, 2006 pp. 119-135 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0953-4814 DOI 10.1108/09534810610648861 JOCM 19,2 120 1996) support change in this direction. The limited research evidence suggests that clients demonstrate potential for involvement (Fast and Chapin, 1996), but changing care approaches to empower them as partners in care may be slow (England and Evans, 1992), stressful (Charles et al., 1996) and impeded by organizational barriers (Ferronato, 1999; McWilliam et al., 1994, 2001). Publicly funded home care programs in Canada currently confront this dilemma. Their services normally are delivered in a brokerage model by a diversity of service providers with varying degrees of client involvement in their care. Providers include case managers, often nurses or social workers by professional background, who assess client needs, and based on their assessments, decide, access, coordinate, monitor and control amounts and timeframes of resources and services. These case managers act as brokers, contracting direct in-home service from other provider groups, including professional nurses, occupational, physical and speech therapists, and social workers, and

Questionairre Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Questionairre Design - Coursework Example Minimum sample size for the questionnaire is 1000 customers. Every fifth customer enters in the store will be asked to attempt the survey. Any individual regardless of the color, creed, cast or religion may attempt this questionnaire. However, customers aged 18 years or older, who spend  £500 in a month purchasing in the local stores or buying on the internet, are being asked to participate. We hope to gather the responses of at least 1000 people. XYZ Supermarket appreciates your participation in the questionnaire in which you will be asked questions about your buying habits, preferred ways or medium of shopping and your experience with XYZ supermarket. Due to the fact that, traditionally there is a low turn out on the web, it is decided to make this questionnaire available on the cash and service counters. It is important to understand that your participation is voluntary. The information or data collected through this questionnaire will remain confidential and will be used for the company’s internal use only. You may quit at any time if not comfortable with the questions asked. If the respondent, respondent’s friend or any household member works for the XYZ Supermarket, they should not attempt to answer the questionnaire. The following set of statements is given to assess the personality behavioral patterns. Remember there is no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answer. Please check the most appropriate box you see fit for yourself. Below are some statements reflecting people’s attitudes toward the Internet. Please select the answer that best describes you personally. Please answer the questions, even if you don’t use the Internet, according to your perceived

What is the reason behind the success of Open Source Essay

What is the reason behind the success of Open Source - Essay Example For software to become popular there is need to have a large pool of users. Many users ensure that the software penetrates communities at a higher momentum which in turn creates a snowball effect. Open source software needs also to be compatible with the end users’ needs. It is important to note that consumers of software products need to be protected to a certain degree by developers. However, this liability is not that tight in open source programs. An example is Linux which comes with no warranty or liability clauses and consumers are forced at times to stay with their problems. This reduced obligation by the corporate in respect to functionality or failures of the system makes many engage in open source development. Again in the corporate scenario there are time limits within which problems need to be fixed in case of failures. Open source developers usually save on cost in this respect by having another party make changes or offer support at a small fee. An example of thi s arrangement is Linux and Red Hut. Licensing of open source receives relaxed regulations for example from Free Software Foundation. These regulations make it possible to integrate technical support from a pool of experts. Therefore, for an open source to be adopted by many, programmers are supposed to integrate their resources in bridging the gap of consumer needs. Source Management There is a great deal of difference when an individual develops software and when a pool of programmers develops the same. One person is highly likely to overlook many aspects that are necessary in making the software compatible with the needs of the end user. It is however a challenge to have many developers scattered all over the world doing parallel jobs but it is even worse when there are many development streams involved. This is the case with Linux where the support team is required to deal with various end user preferences all at the same time. In software development and fixing of bugs one chang e can lead to changes in many other segments of the system. This problem has however been simplified in the last decade or so owing to the availability of high speed internet connectivity at low cost for example the AOL (Rehman & Carleton University, 2006). This makes testing of changes faster and efficient. In overall, the free or low cost connection coupled with high speeds provide for the execution of real time changes. This in turn promotes usage and access for many people; both end users and programmers from around the world. Development Environment In developing open source three things are necessary; network, software and the hardware. It is a fact that more people today are able to access internet at the comfort of their homes than it was the case a decade ago. It is however important to note that programmers mostly require high speeds to do their job efficiently. Cable internet in many countries and expanded bandwidth per user, especially at home have hugely increased the n umber of developers. These two factors act as motivators for programmers to take their time to develop software. The hardware on the other hand has changed over the years. Pentium III has been replaced by Pentium IV and now Duo Core machines are in the market. The hardware efficiency and capability to handle huge tasks are other factors to consider. Developers not only require high internet speeds but also high speed machines. There are pieces of software that are more complex than others therefore requiring high speed machines with big hard drive; all of which are possible nowadays. These current capabilities are in line with the increasing sophistication in integrating software development. However, Eclipse IDE is an example of a facilitator which enables programmers to use various operating systems (Rehman & Carleton University, 2006). Through this technology developers are able to scan libraries for materials with increased flexibility and ease. Such software